Dataset Information

Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging.

ABSTRACT: Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition - and the relationship to physical performance parameters - varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults. Individuals aged 65+ in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 11,803; 49.6% male, 50.4% female) were included. Body composition was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenic obesity was defined using 29 definitions. Low handgrip strength was identified as < 27 kg in males and < 16 kg in females and poor physical performance was defined as gait speed ? 0.8 m/s. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 0.1 to 85.3% in males, and from 0 to 80.4% in females. Sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength (p < 0.05) in both males (14/17 definitions, 82.4%) and females (21/29 definitions, 72.4%). In very few definitions, sarcopenic obesity was associated with slow gait speed (males: 1/17 definitions [6.7%]; females: 2/29 [6.9%]). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied greatly according to definitions and sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength.

SUBMITTER: Purcell SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7859259 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Purcell Sarah A SA Mackenzie Michelle M Barbosa-Silva Thiago G TG Dionne Isabelle J IJ Ghosh Sunita S Siervo Mario M Ye Ming M Prado Carla M CM

Frontiers in physiology 20210121

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition - and the relationship to physical performance parameters - varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults. Individuals aged 65+ in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (<i>n</ ...[more]

PMID: 33551830

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Project description:Background and aimsAging accompanied by cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM) promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and insulin resistance (IR), which result in loss of muscle mass and functional impairment. Better quality diets have been directly associated with muscle health and decreased risk of all-cause mortality. However, no study has investigated the relationship of dietary factors with grip strength, body composition, and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in Korean rural residents according to their CM pattern. Therefore, we aimed to examine this association among this population.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from 932 rural residents aged ≥ 65 years. An exploratory tetrachoric factor analysis revealed four multimorbidity patterns: CM, inflammatory disease, respiratory disease, and cancer and other diseases. All participants were categorized into the CM and non-CM groups. Skeletal muscle mass and the prevalence of sarcopenia were estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Dietary assessment was analyzed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression were employed to examine the association of dietary factors with muscle strength, quality, and SO prevalence ratio in elderly participants.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 71.8 ± 0.1 years (65.8% women). Dietary fat and protein intake were positively correlated with handgrip strength in women with CM, after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.001). Similarly, protein intake (g/kg) was positively associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM; kg/m2) and ASM (%) in both sexes in the CM and non-CM groups. Regarding the tertiles of wheat intake (g/d), 2.1-fold increase in SO prevalence ratios [prevalence ratio (PR): 2.149, confidence intervals (CIs): 1.134-4.071] was observed in the highest tertile (T3: 269.1 g/d), compared to the lowest tertile (Q1: 8.6 g/d) in the CM group. Higher tertile of meat intake (T2: 34.8 g/d, T3: 99.5 g/d) had a 2-fold increase in SO (PR: 1.932, CIs: 1.066-3.500) compared to the lowest tertile (T1: 9.2 g/d) in the CM group.ConclusionOverconsumption of wheat and meat negatively impacted the development of SO, while protein intake was positively associated with grip strength and skeletal muscle mass in elderly Koreans with CM.

Project description:Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian women (71 ± 6 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg), skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectric impedance, and function was tested with a 30 s one-leg standing-balance test. Biceps brachii thickness and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (VLACSA) were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Handgrip strength, maximum voluntary contraction elbow flexion (MVCEF), and knee extension torque (MVCKE) were measured by dynamometry, and MVCKE/VLACSA was calculated. Genotyping was performed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on their previous associations with muscle-related phenotypes. Based on sarcopenia and obesity thresholds, groups were classified as sarcopenic obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, or non-sarcopenic non-obese. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to assess the main effects of sarcopenia and obesity on muscle-related phenotypes and binary logistic regression was performed for each SNP to investigate associations with sarcopenia in obesity. There were no significant obesity * sarcopenic status interactions for any of the investigated muscle-related phenotypic parameters. Neither sarcopenia nor obesity had a significant effect on biceps brachii thickness, but sarcopenia was associated with lower VLACSA (p = 0.003). Obesity was associated with lower MVCEF (p = 0.032), MVCKE (p = 0.047), and MVCKE/VLACSA (p = 0.012) with no significant effect of sarcopenia. Adjusted for age and height, three SNPs (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) were associated with sarcopenia in obese participants. Sarcopenia was associated with a smaller muscle size, while obesity resulted in a lower muscle quality irrespective of sarcopenia. Three gene variants (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) suspected to affect muscle function, homocysteine metabolism, or DNA methylation, respectively, were associated with sarcopenia in obese elderly women. Understanding the skeletal muscle features affected by sarcopenia and obesity, and identification of genes related to sarcopenia in obese women, may facilitate early detection of individuals at particular risk of sarcopenic obesity.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Muscle quality is defined as the force generated by each volumetric unit of muscle tissue. No consensus exists on an optimal measure of muscle quality, impeding comparison across studies and implementation in clinical settings. It is unknown whether muscle quality measures that rely on complex and expensive tests, such as isokinetic dynamometry and computerized tomography correlate with lower extremity performance (LEP) any better than measures derived from simpler and less expensive tests, such as grip strength (Grip) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) assessed by DXA. Additionally, whether muscle quality is more strongly associated with LEP than strength has not been fully tested. OBJECTIVES:This study compares the concurrent validity of alternative measures of muscle quality and characterizes their relationship with LEP. We also whether muscle quality correlates more strongly with LEP than strength alone. DESIGN:Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING:Community. PARTICIPANTS:365 men and 345 women 65 years of age and older in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. MEASURES:Thigh cross-sectional area (TCSA), isokinetic and isometric knee extension strength (ID), BMI adjusted ALM (ALMBMI) from DXA, and Grip. Concurrent validity was assessed as the percent variance of different measures of LEP explained by each muscle quality measure. In addition, we compared LEP relationships between each measure of strength and its correspondent value of muscle quality. Confidence intervals for differences in percent variance were calculated by bootstrapping. RESULTS:Grip/ALMBMI explained as much variance as ID/TCSA across all LEP measures in women and most in men. Across all LEP measures, strength explained as much variance of LEP as muscle quality. CONCLUSIONS:Grip/ALMBMI and ID/TCSA measures had similar correlations with LEP. Muscle quality did not outperform strength. Although evaluating muscle quality may be useful to assess age-related mechanisms of change in muscle strength, measures of strength alone may suffice to understand the relationship between muscle and LEP.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Publications

Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging.

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