Dataset Information

Short Communication: Genetic Variation in Human IL10 Proximal Promoter and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection in Mali, West Africa.

ABSTRACT: It is now recognized that to fully understand the role of host genetic variation on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, investigations must be extended to African populations. We sought to determine if genetic variation in IL10 are associated with HIV-1 infection in a West African cohort in Mali. HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals were genotyped for three common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at positions -592 (C/A), -819 (C/T), and -1082 (G/A) of the IL10 promoter. We found that the ATA haplotype, which has been previously associated with low IL-10 expression, was the most represented in the cohort. Although we observed a trend toward an increased frequency of ATA/ATA carriage in HIV-infected compared with -uninfected individuals, the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, individual IL10 SNPs were not significantly enriched in the HIV-infected group, suggesting that IL10 genetic variants are not associated with HIV-1 in this West African cohort from Mali.

SUBMITTER: Dabitao D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7864090 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Short Communication: Genetic Variation in Human IL10 Proximal Promoter and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection in Mali, West Africa.

Dabitao Djeneba D Dembele Mamadou M Urbanowski Michael M Kone Bourahima B Wague Mamadou M Coulibaly Nadie N Sarro Yeya Dit Sadio YDS Baya Bocar B Goita Drissa D Dao Sounkalo S Belson Michael M Klein Sabra L SL Achenbach Chad C Holl Jane L JL Diakite Mahamadou M Doumbia Seydou S Bream Jay H JH Bishai William R WR Diallo Souleymane S Murphy Robert L RL

AIDS research and human retroviruses 20201123 1

It is now recognized that to fully understand the role of host genetic variation on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, investigations must be extended to African populations. We sought to determine if genetic variation in IL10 are associated with HIV-1 infection in a West African cohort in Mali. HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals were genotyped for three common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at positions -592 (C/A), -819 (C/T), and -1082 (G/A) of the IL10 prom ...[more]

PMID: 33045845

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Project description:BackgroundSchistosomiasis is classically described as a rural disease that occurs in areas with poor sanitary conditions. However, over recent decades, there has been an expansion of schistosomiasis foci towards urban areas faced with a rapid and disordered urbanization. In Bamako, Mali, the impact of environmental change on vector-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis is not well known. This study sought to identify the presence of schistosomiasis transmission hotspots in Bamako. Using this perspective, we aimed to describe the risk factors of the endemization and maintenance of schistosomiasis.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in the six municipalities (communes) in Bamako. Environmental information was obtained from earth observation satellites in order to maximize ecological contrasts. Twenty-nine blocks of 200 m x 200 m were identified. We selected a school inside or nearest to each block for urine and stool samples examination. The study cohort was school children aged between eight and 15 years. The Kato-Katz technique and filtration were used for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium ova research in stools and urine, respectively. The schools and snail breeding sites were georeferenced. Four malacological surveys were conducted between October 2011 and February 2012. Bivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of being infected with schistosomiasis.ResultsThe prevalence rate of S. haematobium was 14.7% (n = 1,761) and that of S. mansoni 1.5% (n = 1,491). Overall, the urinary form was endemic in 76.6% of schools. The infection significantly varied between the municipalities (p < 0.001). It was also more prevalent on the left side of the Niger River than the right side (17.4% vs. 9.5% respectively; p < 0.001). The vicinity to snail breeding sites (OR = 3.677; 95% IC [2.765-4.889]; p < 10 (-3) ) and parents' occupations (OR = 7.647; 95% IC [2.406-24.305]; p < 0.001) were the most important risk factors associated with S. haematobium infection exposure. Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus truncatus, and B. globosus were the intermediate hosts captured. The schistosome natural infection rates (SNIRs), which were low or nil in October and November, rose to 2.8% in January and 8.3% in February for B. pfeifferi and B. truncatus, respectively.ConclusionOur findings show that there is a high transmission risk for schistosomiasis in Bamako. Appropriate integrated control measures need to be introduced to control the transmission of this disease in the study area.

Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Patient-centred attitudes have been shown to decline during medical training in high-income countries, yet little is known about attitudes among West African medical students. We sought to measure student attitudes towards patient-centredness and examine validity of the 18-item Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) in this context. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING:430 medical students in years 1, 3, 5 and 6 of a 6-year medical training programme in Bamako, Mali. DESIGN:We conducted a cross-sectional survey, compared the proportion of students who agreed with each PPOS item by gender and academic year, and calculated composite PPOS scores. To examine psychometrics of the PPOS and its two subscales ('sharing' and 'caring'), we calculated internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and performed confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA and EFA). RESULTS:In seven of the nine 'sharing' items, the majority of students held attitudes favouring a provider-dominant style. For five of the nine 'caring' items, the majority of student responded consistently with patient-centred attitudes, while in the other four, responses indicated a disease-centred orientation. In eight items, a greater proportion of fifth/sixth year students held patient-centred attitudes as compared with first year students; there were few gender differences. Average PPOS scores indicated students were moderately patient-centred, with more favourable attitudes towards the 'caring' aspect than 'sharing'. Internal consistency of the PPOS was inadequate for the full scale (α=0.58) and subscales ('sharing' α=0.37; 'caring' α=0.48). CFA did not support the original PPOS factors and EFA did not identify an improved structure. CONCLUSIONS:West African medical students training in Bamako are moderately patient-centred and do not show the same declines in patient-centred attitudes in higher academic years as seen in other settings. Medical students may benefit from training in shared power skills and in attending to patient lifestyle factors. Locally validated tools are needed to guide West African medical schools in fostering patient-centredness among students.

Dataset Information

Short Communication: Genetic Variation in Human IL10 Proximal Promoter and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection in Mali, West Africa.

Publications

Short Communication: Genetic Variation in Human <i>IL10</i> Proximal Promoter and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection in Mali, West Africa.

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