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Role of Water in CaCO₃ Biomineralization.

ABSTRACT: Biomineralization occurs in aqueous environments. Despite the ubiquity and relevance of CaCO₃ biomineralization, the role of water in the biomineralization process has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that water reorganization accompanies CaCO₃ biomineralization for sea urchin spine generation in a model system. Using surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy, we probe the water at the interface of the spine-associated protein during CaCO₃ mineralization. Our results show that, while the protein structure remains unchanged, the structure of interfacial water is perturbed differently in the presence of both Ca²⁺ and CO₃^2- compared to the addition of only Ca²⁺. This difference is attributed to the condensation of prenucleation mineral species. Our findings are consistent with a nonclassical mineralization pathway for sea urchin spine generation and highlight the importance of protein hydration in biomineralization.

SUBMITTER: Lu H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7877725 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of Water in CaCO3 Biomineralization.

Lu Hao H Huang Yu-Chieh YC Hunger Johannes J Gebauer Denis D Cölfen Helmut H Bonn Mischa M

Journal of the American Chemical Society 20210120 4

Biomineralization occurs in aqueous environments. Despite the ubiquity and relevance of CaCO3 biomineralization, the role of water in the biomineralization process has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that water reorganization accompanies CaCO3 biomineralization for sea urchin spine generation in a model system. Using surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy, we probe the water at the interface of the spine-associated protein during CaCO3 mineralization. O ...[more]

PMID: 33471507

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Project description:Concentration- and time-dependent genomic changes in the mouse urinary bladder following exposure to arsenate in drinking water for up to twelve weeks. Inorganic arsenic (Asi) is a known human bladder carcinogen. The objective of this study was to examine the concentration dependence of the genomic response to Asi in the urinary bladders of mice. C57BL/6J mice were exposed for 1 or 12 weeks to arsenate in drinking water at concentrations of 0.5, 2, 10, and 50 mg As/L. Urinary bladders were analyzed using gene expression microarrays. A consistent reversal was observed in the direction of gene expression change: from predominantly decreased expression at 1 week to predominantly increased expression at 12 weeks. These results are consistent with evidence from in vitro studies of an acute adaptive response that is suppressed on longer exposure due to down-regulation of Fos. Pathways with the highest enrichment in gene expression changes were associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammation, and proliferation. Benchmark dose (BMD) analysis determined that the lowest median BMD values for pathways were above 5 mg As/L, despite the fact that pathway enrichment was observed at the 0.5 mg As/L exposure concentration. This disparity may result from the non-monotonic nature of the concentration-responses for the expression changes of a number of genes, as evidenced by the much fewer gene expression changes at 2 mg As/L compared to lower or higher concentrations. Pathway categories with concentration-related gene expression changes included cellular morphogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis/survival, cell cycle control, and DNA damage response. The results of this study provide evidence of a concentration-dependent transition in the mode of action for the subchronic effects of Asi in mouse bladder cells in the vicinity of 2 mg Asi/L. Female C57Bl/J mice will be exposed to COLD Arsenate in drinking water. One week interium sac on 7/18/06. 100 samples including liver, lung, kidney and bladder. Bladder will be analyzed with microarrays, 24 samples. Twelve week terminal sac on 10/05/06. 75 total samples including lung, kidney, and bladder. Bladdler will be analyzed by microarray, 25 samples. Drinking water containing As will be prepared weekly with monitoring to determine amount used by mice. Following tissues will be available for genomic study: Bladder, liver, lung, and kidney.

Dataset Information

Role of Water in CaCO₃ Biomineralization.

Publications

Role of Water in CaCO<sub>3</sub> Biomineralization.

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