Complex coacervation of food grade antimicrobial lauric arginate with lambda carrageenan.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nallamilli T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7902899 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:The need for more effective antimicrobials is critical for the food industry to improve food safety and reduce spoilage of minimally processed foods. The present study was initiated to develop an efficient and novel antimicrobial approach which combines physical treatments (UV-A or mild heat) and generally recognized as safe lauroyl arginate ethyl (LAE) to inactivate surrogate strains, including Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua Synergistic inactivation of bacteria resulted in an ∼6-log reduction of target bacteria, while individual treatments resulted in <1.5-log inactivation under the same set of conditions. In addition, the synergistic mechanism between LAE and UV-A/mild heat was evaluated by supplementing with a variety of antioxidants for suppressing oxidative stress and measurement of cell membrane damage by nucleic acid release. These results demonstrate that the synergistic antimicrobial activity of LAE and mild physical stresses was suppressed by supplementation with antioxidants. The research also compared LAE with another membrane-targeting lipopeptide antimicrobial agent, polymyxin B, to understand the uniqueness of LAE-induced synergy. Briefly, differences in modes of action between LAE and polymyxin B were characterized by comparing the MIC, damage to liposomes, and oxidative stress generation. These differences in the mode of action between LAE and polymyxin B suggested that both compounds target cell membrane but significantly differ in mechanisms, including membrane disruption and oxidative stress generation. Overall, this study illustrates synergistic antimicrobial activity of LAE with light or mild heat and indicates a novel oxidative stress pathway that enhances the activity of LAE beyond membrane damage.IMPORTANCE This study highlights an effective antimicrobial processing approach using a novel combination of lauroyl arginate ethyl (LAE) and two different physical treatments, light (UV-A) and mild heat. Both combinations demonstrated synergistic inactivation against a model Gram-negative bacterium or a Gram-positive bacterium or both by a >5-log reduction. Further mechanistic study revealed that oxidative stress is responsible for synergistic inactivation between LAE and UV-A, while both membrane damage and oxidative stress are responsible for the synergistic combination between LAE and mild heat. The mode of action of LAE was further compared to that of polymyxin B and analyzed using artificial membrane model systems and the addition of antioxidants. The proposed combination of LAE and common physical treatments may improve food preservation, food safety, and current sanitation processes for the food industry and the inactivation of pathogenic strains in biomedical environments.
| S-EPMC6696960 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This communication reports gelation of lambda-carrageenan, for the first time, in the presence of trivalent iron ions. Kappa-, iota- and lambda-carrageenans are sulfated polysaccharides used extensively in food, pharmaceutical and medical applications. Kappa- and iota-carrageenans show gelation in the presence of mono- and di-valent ions, but lambda-carrageenan yields only viscous solutions. Our results show that gelation in lambda-carrageenan indeed is possible, but with trivalent ions. X-ray fiber diffraction patterns of iron (III)-lambda-carrageenan are characteristic of highly oriented and polycrystalline fibers containing well resolved Bragg reflections. The elastic modulus (G') of the product is far greater than the loss modulus (G") indicating the thermal stability of lambda-carrageenan in the presence of iron (III) ions. This novel finding has potential to expand lambda-carrageenan's current utility beyond a viscosifying agent.
| S-EPMC3295545 | biostudies-other
Project description:The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) treatment on whey protein isolate (WPI) molecular structure as a previous step for complex coacervation (CC) with kappa-carrageenan (KC) and its influence on CC functional properties. Protein suspension of WPI (1% w/w) was treated with an ultrasound probe (24 kHz, 2 and 4 min, at 50 and 100% amplitude), non HIUS pretreated WPI was used as a control. Coacervation was achieved by mixing WPI and KC dispersions (10 min). Time and amplitude of the sonication treatment had a direct effect on the molecular structure of the protein, FTIR-ATR analysis detected changes on pretreated WPI secondary structure (1600-1700 cm-1) after sonication. CC electrostatic interactions were detected between WPI positive regions, KC sulfate group (1200-1260 cm-1), and the anhydrous oxygen of the 3,6 anhydro-D-galactose (940-1066 cm-1) with a partial negative charge. After ultrasound treatment, a progressive decrease in WPI particle size (nm) was detected. Rheology results showed pseudoplastic behavior for both, KC and CC, with a significant change on the viscosity level. Further, volume increment, stability, and expansion percentages of CC foams were improved using WPI sonicated. Besides, HIUS treatment had a positive effect on the emulsifying properties of the CC, increasing the time emulsion stability percentage. HIUS proved to be an efficient tool to improve functional properties in WPI-KC CC.
| S-EPMC7786567 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Previous study has suggested the colonic nontoxicity and obesity inhibition of food‐grade κ‐carrageenan in obese mice. Further study using transcriptome is important to provide further understanding on the gene expressions of inflammation and obesity. Here, the obese mice without any treatment (HFD) or with 5% food‐grade κ‐carrageenan diet intervention (H5%) were used to perform colonic transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that genes involved in the inflammatory pathways or tight junction protein encoding were not significantly dysregulated by 5% carrageenan. However, the expression of lipid metabolism genes meaningfully changed as evidenced by the decreased gene levels of adipocytokines, lipogenesis, lipid absorption and transport, and the increased adipolysis and oxidation. In addition, the carrageenan metabolism experiments by toluidine blue (TB) staining of colon and high‐performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of feces supernatant showed that the food‐grade κ‐carrageenan was not absorbed or significantly degraded in the digestive tract of obese mice. Hence, the fact that food‐grade κ‐carrageenan was not significantly metabolized by the organism and did not cause obvious dysregulation of colonic inflammatory genes provided evidences for its noncolonic toxicity in obese mice. An anti‐obesity potential of food‐grade κ‐carrageenan was probably mediated by the regulation of lipids metabolism‐related genes. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of carrageenan actions, and the obese mice with no treatment (HFD) or 5% food‐grade κ‐carrageenan intervention (H5%) were used to perform carrageenan metabolism experiments and colonic transcriptome sequencing. The toluidine blue (TB) staining of colon and high‐performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of feces supernatant showed that the food‐grade κ‐carrageenan was not absorbed or significantly degraded in the digestive tract of obese mice. The transcriptome sequencing showed that no genes involved in the inflammatory pathways or tight junction protein encoding were significantly dysregulated by 5% carrageenan. However, the expression of lipid metabolism genes meaningfully changed as evident by the decreased gene levels of adipocytokines, lipogenesis, along with absorption and transport, but increased adipolysis and oxidation.
| S-EPMC8565199 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, the chitosan-induced coacervation of soy protein-isoflavone complexes in soymilk was investigated. Most of the soymilk proteins, including ?-conglycinin (7S), glycinin (11S), and isoflavones, were found to coacervate into the soymilk pellet fraction (SPF) following the addition of 0.5% chitosan. The total protein in the soymilk supernatant fraction (SSF) decreased from 18.1 ± 0.3 mg/mL to 1.6 ± 0.1 mg/mL, and the pH values decreased slightly, from 6.6 ± 0.0 to 6.0 ± 0.0. The results of SDS-PAGE revealed that the 7S ?', 7S ?, 7S ?, 11S A3, and 11S acidic subunits, as well as the 11S basic proteins in the SSF, decreased to 0.7 ± 0.5%, 0.2 ± 0.1%, 0.1 ± 0.0%, 0.2 ± 0.2%, 0.2 ± 0.2% and 0.3 ± 0.2%, respectively. We also found that isoflavones in the SSF, including daidzein, glycitein, and genistein, decreased to 9.6 ± 2.3%, 5.7 ± 0.9% and 5.9 ± 1.5%, respectively. HPLC analysis indicated that isoflavones mixed with soy proteins formed soy protein-isoflavone complexes and were precipitated into the SPF by 0.5% chitosan.
| S-EPMC6152765 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Widespread vaccine coverage for viral diseases could save the lives of millions of people each year. For viral vaccines to be effective, they must be transported and stored in a narrow temperature range of 2-8 °C. If temperatures are not maintained, the vaccine may lose its potency and would no longer be effective in fighting disease; this is called the cold storage problem. Finding a way to thermally stabilize a virus and end the need to transport and store vaccines at refrigeration temperatures will increase access to life-saving vaccines. We explore the use of polymer-rich complex coacervates to stabilize viruses. We have developed a method of encapsulating virus particles in liquid complex coacervates that relies on the electrostatic interaction of viruses with polypeptides. In particular, we tested the incorporation of two model viruses; a non-enveloped porcine parvovirus (PPV) and an enveloped bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) into coacervates formed from poly(lysine) and poly(glutamate). We identified optimal conditions (i.e., the relative amount of the two polypeptides) for virus encapsulation, and trends in this composition matched differences in the isoelectric point of the two viruses. Furthermore, we were able to achieve a ?103-104-fold concentration of virus into the coacervate phase, such that the level of virus remaining in the bulk solution approached our limit of detection. Lastly, we demonstrated a significant enhancement of the stability of non-enveloped PPV during an accelerated aging study at 60 °C over the course of a week. Our results suggest the potential for using coacervation to aid in the purification and formulation of both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, and that coacervate-based formulations could help limit the need for cold storage throughout the transportation and storage of vaccines based on non-enveloped viruses.
| S-EPMC7797030 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In our study, we demonstrated the performance of antimicrobial coatings on properly functionalized and nanostructured 316L food-grade stainless steel pipelines. For the fabrication of these functional coatings, we employed facile and low-cost electrochemical techniques and surface modification processes. The development of a nanoporous structure on the 316L stainless steel surface was performed by following an electropolishing process in an electrolytic bath, at a constant anodic voltage of 40 V for 10 min, while the temperature was maintained between 0 and 10 °C. Subsequently, we incorporated on this nanostructure additional coatings with antimicrobial and bactericide properties, such as Ag nanoparticles, Ag films, or TiO2 thin layers. These functional coatings were grown on the nanostructured substrate by following electroless process, electrochemical deposition, and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. Then, we analyzed the antimicrobial efficiency of these functionalized materials against different biofilms types (Candida parapsilosis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis). The results of the present study demonstrate that the nanostructuring and surface functionalization processes constitute a promising route to fabricate novel functional materials exhibiting highly efficient antimicrobial features. In fact, we have shown that our use of an appropriated association of TiO2 layer and Ag nanoparticle coatings over the nanostructured 316L stainless steel exhibited an excellent antimicrobial behavior for all biofilms examined.
| S-EPMC8074267 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Carrageenans are sulfated galactans found in the cell walls of red seaweeds. They are classified according to the number and the position of sulfate ester groups. lambda-Carrageenan is the most sulfated carrageenan and carries at least three sulfates per disaccharide unit. The sole known depolymerizing enzyme of lambda-carrageenan, the lambda-carrageenase from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, has been purified, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analyses have revealed that the lambda-carrageenase, referred to as CglA, is the first member of a new family of GHs (glycoside hydrolases), which is unrelated to families GH16, that contains kappa-carrageenases, and GH82, that contains iota-carrageenases. This large enzyme (105 kDa) features a low-complexity region, suggesting the presence of a linker connecting at least two independent modules. The N-terminal region is predicted to fold as a beta-propeller. The main degradation products have been purified and characterized as neo-lambda-carratetraose [DP (degree of polymerization) 4] and neo-lambda-carrahexaose (DP6), indicating that CglA hydrolyses the beta-(1-->4) linkage of lambda-carrageenan. LC-MALLS (liquid chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering) and (1)H-NMR monitoring of the enzymatic degradation of lambda-carrageenan indicate that CglA proceeds according to an endolytic mode of action and a mechanism of inversion of the anomeric configuration. Using 2-aminoacridone-labelled neo-lambda-carrabiose oligosaccharides, in the present study we demonstrate that the active site of CglA comprises at least 8 subsites (-4 to +4) and that a DP6 oligosaccharide binds in the subsites -4 to +2 and can be hydrolysed into DP4 and DP2.
| S-EPMC1868830 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Complex coacervation refers to the formation of distinct liquid phases that arise when polyelectrolytes are mixed under appropriate polymer and salt concentrations. Molecular-level studies of coacervation have been limited. In this work, a coarse-grained model of the polymers and the corresponding counterions is proposed and used to simulate coacervation as a function of polymer length and overall salt concentration. Several sampling methods are used to determine the phase behavior of the underlying polymers. In particular, the results of simulations in different ensembles are shown to be consistent and to reproduce a number of phenomena observed in experiments, including the disruption of complexation by increasing ionic strength or by decreasing molecular weight. The coacervate concentrations determined from phase behavior calculations are then used to examine the rheology of the corresponding materials. By relying on long dynamic simulations, we are able to generate the dynamic response of the material in the form of dynamic moduli as a function of frequency, which are also found to compare favorably with experimental measurements.
| S-EPMC7722290 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Alloferon-1 have been proposed as an effective peptide to enhance antitumoral immunity, antiviral defense and anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to assess anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 against acute inflammation and histopathological deformations in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Systemic pretreatment with alloferon-1 (22.0 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected mice showed a significant reduction in paw thickness and vascular permeability. Alloferon-1 prevented λ-carrageenan-evoked exudation and the neutrophil influx to the mouse pleura and the neutrophil migration into carrageenan-stimulated mouse air pouches based on the histopathological changes in the paw tissues. Administration of alloferon-1 also suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed paw tissues such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin-5 (IL-5), etc. detected by Luminex liquid chip. Collectively, the present study provides evidences for the marked anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 which might represent new therapeutic options for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases.
| S-EPMC9537184 | biostudies-literature