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Performance and Meat Quality of Intrauterine Growth Restricted Pigs.

ABSTRACT: Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pigs are characterized by high perinatal mortality and dysfunction of internal organs, adipose, and muscle tissues. However, little is known about the post-weaning performance and meat quality of the IUGR pigs. The aim of this study was to compare normal pigs and pigs with IUGR from birth until slaughter, also with respect to their meat quality. Pigs with the IUGR achieved lower slaughter weight but did not differ significantly from normal pigs in terms of their meat content. The IUGR did not negatively affect the culinary quality of the obtained meat, including its content of basic chemical components and energy value, as well as hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, and penetration force. The meat of the IUGR pigs, when compared to the meat of normal pigs, was characterized by higher pH, lower EC (Electrical Conductivity) and drip loss; it was also tenderer and obtained higher scores in sensory evaluation of taste, smell, and general desirability. Therefore, such raw material can be appreciated by the consumers and can be used for the production of culinary portions similarly to the raw material obtained from normal pigs.

SUBMITTER: Matyba P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7909567 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Performance and Meat Quality of Intrauterine Growth Restricted Pigs.

Matyba Piotr P Florowski Tomasz T Dasiewicz Krzysztof K Ferenc Karolina K Olszewski Jarosław J Trela Michał M Galemba Gilbert G Słowiński Mirosław M Sady Maria M Domańska Dominika D Gajewski Zdzisław Z Zabielski Romuald R

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20210120 2

Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pigs are characterized by high perinatal mortality and dysfunction of internal organs, adipose, and muscle tissues. However, little is known about the post-weaning performance and meat quality of the IUGR pigs. The aim of this study was to compare normal pigs and pigs with IUGR from birth until slaughter, also with respect to their meat quality. Pigs with the IUGR achieved lower slaughter weight but did not differ significantly from normal pigs in terms of t ...[more]

PMID: 33498468

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Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of choline supplementation on intramuscular fat (IMF) and lipid oxidation in IUGR pigs. Twelve normal body weight (NBW) and twelve intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) newborn piglets were collected and distributed into 4 treatments (Normal: N, Normal+Choline: N+C, IUGR: I, and IUGR+Choline: I+C) with 6 piglets in each treatment. At 23 d of age, NBW and IUGR pigs were fed basal or choline supplemented diets. The results showed that the IUGR pigs had significantly lower (P<0.05) BW as compared with the NBW pigs at 23 d, 73 d, and 120 d of age, however, there was a slight decreased (P>0.05) in BW of IUGR pigs than the NBW pigs at 200 d. Compared with the NBW pigs, pH of meat longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the meat color was improved in IUGR pigs. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while triglyceride (TG) and IMF contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the IUGR pigs than the NBW pigs. IUGR up-regulated the mRNA gene expression of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Dietary choline significantly increased (P<0.05) the BW at 120d of age, however, significantly decreased (P<0.05) the TG and IMF contents in both IUGR and NBW pigs. FAS and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) mRNA gene expressions were increased (P<0.05) while the muscle-carnitine palmityl transferase (M-CPT) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor? (PPAR?) mRNA (P<0.05) gene expressions were decreased in the muscles of the IUGR pigs by choline supplementation. Furthermore, choline supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) the MDA content as well as the O2•¯ scavenging activity in meat of IUGR pigs. The results suggested that IUGR pigs showed a permanent stunting effect on the growth performance, increased fat deposition and oxidative stress in muscles. However, dietary supplementation of choline improved the fat deposition via enhancing the lipogenesis and reducing the lipolysis.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism and gene expression in finishing pigs with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). METHODS:Using a 2×2 factorial design, eight normal birth weight (NBW) and eight IUGR weaned pigs were fed either a basal diet (NBW pigs fed a basal diet, NC; IUGR pigs fed a basal diet, IC) or a diet supplemented with two times more choline than the basal diet (NBW pigs fed a high-choline diet, NH; IUGR pigs fed a high-choline diet, IH) until 200 d of age. RESULTS:The results showed that the IUGR pigs had reduced body weight compared with the NBW pigs (p<0.05 from birth to d 120; p = 0.07 from d 120 to 200). Increased (p<0.05) free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels were observed in the IUGR pigs compared with the NBW pigs. Choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) the levels of FFAs and triglycerides in the serum of the pigs. The activities of malate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were both increased (p<0.05) in the livers of the IUGR pigs. Choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) malate dehydrogenase activity in the liver of the pigs. Gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was higher (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) FAS and acetyl-CoA carboxylase ? expression in the livers of the IUGR pigs. The expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) was lower (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation increased (p<0.05) the expression of CPT1A in the liver of the IUGR pigs and decreased (p<0.01) the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase in both types of pigs. The gene expression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) was higher (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation significantly reduced (p<0.05) PEMT expression in the liver of the IUGR pigs. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, the lipid metabolism was abnormal in IUGR pigs, but the IUGR pigs consuming twice the normal level of choline had improved circulating lipid parameters, which could be related to the decreased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating enzymes or the altered expressions of lipid metabolism-related genes.

Project description:This study was carried out to determine the Lys requirements of Baqing pigs and the effects of different dietary lysine levels on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites, and carcass and meat traits. A total of 120 castrated Baqing pigs were selected by body weight and randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicate pens (4 pigs per pen, castrated) per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Five diets in mash form were formulated to contain SID Lys at 0.56%, 0.68%, 0.80%, 0.92%, and 1.04% of diet in phase 1 (20-40 kg), at 0.45%, 0.54%, 0.63%, 0.72%, and 0.81% of diet in phase 2 (40-60 kg), and at 0.39%, 0.47%, 0.55%, 0.63%, and 0.71% of diet in phase 3 (60-90 kg), respectively. The results showed that the bodyweight of pigs was not affected by dietary SID Lys content during each period. However, the addition of dietary SID Lys linearly reduced F/G in the first period and quadratically increased ADG during the second period (p < 0.05). The digestible energy (DE) was increased linearly and quadratically in the first phases with the dietary increased SID Lys levels, while DE was reduced in the third and second phases (p < 0.05). Increasing SID Lys contents linearly increased the serum TG concentration and quadratically decreased the serum GLU concentration, while linearly reducing the serum HDLC concentration of first period pigs (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of TP, TG, TC, and LDLC were increased linearly with the increasing dietary SID Lys levels in the second period (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of Lys increased quadratically, and histidine increased linearly with the increased dietary SID Lys levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the treatment three group, dietary SID Lys addition content at treatment four increased the shear force of the longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05), but it did not affect the other carcass and meat traits. The optimal SID Lys requirement of 20-40 kg, 40-60 kg, and 60-90 kg of Baqing pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets is estimated to be 0.92%, 0.66%, and 0.55% of the diets by the quadratic curve models, respectively.

Project description:With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed, certain phytocompounds have been widely studied as feed additives. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural polyphenol found in plants, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory features. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits, as well as meat quality, nutrient value and flavor substances of Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. Forty healthy DLY pigs (initial body weight (BW): 26.69 ± 0.37) were allotted to four treatment groups and were fed with the control diet, which was supplemented with 25 mg kg-1, 50 mg kg-1, and 100 mg kg-1 CGA, respectively. The trial lasted 100 days. The results suggested that dietary CGA supplementation had no effect (p < 0.05) on the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FC). Herein, it was found that 50 mg kg-1 CGA-containing diet not only increased the dressing percentage and perirenal fat, but also reduced the rate of muscular pH decline (p < 0.05). In the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, the myofiber-type-related genes such as the MyHC IIa and MyHC IIX mRNA levels were increased by 100 mg kg-1 CGA. The results also indicated that the 100 mg kg-1 CGA-containing diet increased the content of crude fat, glycogen, total amino acids, and flavor amino acids, but decreased the inosine and hypoxanthine concentration in LT (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the lipogenic gene ACC1 mRNA level was elevated by 50 mg kg-1 CGA. Instead, 100 mg kg-1 CGA downregulated the expression level of NT5C2, an enzyme responsible for inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) degradation. Additionally, 100 mg kg-1 CGA decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but increased the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content as well as antioxidant gene (HO-1, NQO-1, NRF2) mRNA levels in LT muscle. These findings showed that dietary CGA could partly improve carcass traits and muscle flavor without negatively affecting growth performance, and the underlying mechanism may be due to the antioxidant properties induced by CGA.

Dataset Information

Performance and Meat Quality of Intrauterine Growth Restricted Pigs.

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Performance and Meat Quality of Intrauterine Growth Restricted Pigs.

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