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Beverages Based on Second Quality Citrus Fruits and Maqui Berry, a Source of Bioactive (Poly)phenols: Sorting Out Urine Metabolites upon a Longitudinal Study.

ABSTRACT: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with an augmented prevalence of metabolic diseases, namely, obesity, type II diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, nowadays, it is broadly accepted that foods and beverages rich in (poly)phenols could contribute to reducing the incidence of these pathologies. In this sense, the objective of the work was to revalue second quality citrus fruits for the development of new beverages, rich in anthocyanins and flavanones (maqui berry and second qualities citrus-based), and evaluate the influence of alternative sweeteners (sucralose, sucrose, or stevia), regarding the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of these bioactive compounds in the frame of a chronic (longitudinal) intervention. To fulfill this objective, a longitudinal study of the urinary excretion of anthocyanins and flavanones, after 2-months of ingestion of the developed maqui-citrus beverage, by 138 volunteers (n = 46 per beverage) and the analysis of the resulting phenolic metabolites by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS) was carried out. As major results, the bioavailable metabolites of caffeic acid (CA), catechol (CAT), 3,4-di-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), eriodictyol (E), homoeriodictyol (HE), hippuric acid (HA), naringenin (N), trans-ferulic acid (TFA), 2,4,6-tri-hydroxybenzaldehyde (THBA), trans-isoferulic acid (TIFA), and vanillic acid (VA) were detected. Accordingly, significantly different bioavailability was dependent on the sweetener used, allowing proposing stevia and, to a lower extent, sucralose, as valuable alternatives to sucrose.

SUBMITTER: Agullo V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7910882 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Beverages Based on Second Quality Citrus Fruits and Maqui Berry, a Source of Bioactive (Poly)phenols: Sorting Out Urine Metabolites upon a Longitudinal Study.

Agulló Vicente V García-Viguera Cristina C Domínguez-Perles Raúl R

Nutrients 20210122 2

The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with an augmented prevalence of metabolic diseases, namely, obesity, type II diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, nowadays, it is broadly accepted that foods and beverages rich in (poly)phenols could contribute to reducing the incidence of these pathologies. In this sense, the objective of the work was to revalue second quality citrus fruits for the development of new beverages, rich in anthocyanins and flavanones (maqui ...[more]

PMID: 33499139

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Project description:IntroductionNutritional content in citrus fruit is enormous. Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck is underutilised citrus crop that receives little attention due to the lack of knowledge regarding its nutritional value. Citrus waste disposal poses a problem due to economic and environmental factors.MethodsThe metabolites flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant capacity in the dropped fruits of the underutilised citrus species pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) were examined.Results and discussionHesperidin varied from 1.22 to 2.83% and 1.08 to 1.16% from 10 mm to 14 mm whereas naringin dominates in fruits measuring 10 mm and 12mm with 60.61%, 60.77%, and 47.76%, 45.87% in freeze dried (FD) and hot air oven dried (HAOD) samples. According to the results of the antioxidant assays, the highest concentrations of ABTS azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) were found in freeze dried samples, ranging from 9.679 to 10.416 mmol L-1 Trolox and 14.825 to 16.432 mmol L-1 Trolox, respectively. However, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay revealed higher content in samples of both FD and HAOD that were 10mm in size (4.578 mmol L-1 Trolox and 3.730 mmol L-1 Trolox). Total phenol content was measured, and the highest concentrations were found in fruits with a diameter between 10 mm and 18 mm. It ranged from 48.479 to 54.498 mg GAE L-1 in FD samples and from 45.757 to 51.159 mg GAE L-1 in HAOD samples. The smallest fruits, or those that were still in the immature stage, had the highest content. It was found that when the immature dropped fruits were dried by HAOD, the content decreased. At p<0.01 and p<0.05, there was a significant positive correlation between the flavonoids, antioxidants, and total phenols. The results showed that the immature dropped immature fruits of lesser known underutilised citrus sp. Citrus grandis can act as potential source of flavonoids, total phenol concentration, and antioxidant potential. Freeze drying can be recommended to recover the most bioactive substances from physiologically dropped fruits of Citrus grandis for use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors. This study will help in reducing the environmental impact caused due to citrus dropped fruits and its responsible management.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Toxoplasma gondii is the third most important contributor to health burden caused by food-borne illness. Ingestion of tissue cysts from undercooked meat is an important source of horizontal transmission to humans. However, there is an increasing awareness of the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, as a possible source for oocyst transmission, since this stage of the parasite can persist and remain infective in soil and water for long time. Herein, we outline findings related with detection of T. gondii oocysts in vegetables and berry fruits, which are usually raw consumed. The procedure includes the estimation of the number of oocysts. METHODS:Food samples were collected from local producers and supermarket suppliers. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were concentrated after washing the samples by applying high resolution water filtration and immunomagnetic separation (method 1623.1: EPA 816-R-12-001-Jan 2012), in order to (i) remove potential Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts present in the samples; and (ii) select T. gondii oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii oocyst detection and an estimation of their numbers was performed by conventional PCR and real time qPCR, using specific primers for a 183-bp sequence of the T. gondii repetitive DNA region. All PCR-positive DNA samples were purified and sequenced. Restriction enzyme digestion with EcoRV endonuclease confirmed the presence of the T. gondii DNA fragment. In addition, the presence of the parasite was observed by fluorescent microscopy, taking advantage of the oocysts autofluorescence under UV light. RESULTS:Forty percent of the analysed samples (95% CI: 25.5-56.5%) presented the expected PCR and digested DNA fragments. These fragments were confirmed by sequencing. Microscopic autofluorescence supported the presence of T. gondii-like oocysts. The estimated mean (± SE) oocyst concentration was 23.5 ± 12.1 oocysts/g, with a range of 0.6-179.9 oocysts/g. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings provide relevant evidence of contamination of fresh vegetables and berry fruits with T. gondii oocysts.

Dataset Information

Beverages Based on Second Quality Citrus Fruits and Maqui Berry, a Source of Bioactive (Poly)phenols: Sorting Out Urine Metabolites upon a Longitudinal Study.

Publications

Beverages Based on Second Quality Citrus Fruits and Maqui Berry, a Source of Bioactive (Poly)phenols: Sorting Out Urine Metabolites upon a Longitudinal Study.

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