Dataset Information

Clostridioides difficile in Calves in Central Italy: Prevalence, Molecular Typing, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Association with Antibiotic Administration.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of Clostridioides difficile as the main agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea has raised concerns about its potential zoonotic role in different animal species. The use of antimicrobials is a major risk factor for C. difficile infection. Here, we provide data on C. difficile infection in dairy and beef calves in Umbria, a region in central Italy. This cross-sectional study focuses on prevalence, risk factors, ribotypes, toxinotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of circulating ribotypes. A prevalence of 19.8% (CI95%, 12-27.6%) positive farms was estimated, and the prescription of penicillins on the farms was associated with C. difficile detection (OR = 5.58). Eleven different ribotypes were found, including the ST11 sublineages RT-126 and -078, which are also commonly reported in humans. Thirteen isolates out of 17 showed resistance to at least one of clindamycin, moxifloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin. Among them, multiple-drug resistance was observed in two isolates, belonging to RT-126. Furthermore, RT-126 isolates were positive for tetracycline resistance determinants, confirming that tetracycline resistance is widespread among ST11 isolates from cattle. The administration of penicillins increased the risk of C. difficile in calves: this, together with the recovery of multi-resistant strains, strongly suggests the need for minimising antibiotic misuse on cattle farms.

SUBMITTER: Blasi F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7920295 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clostridioides difficile in Calves in Central Italy: Prevalence, Molecular Typing, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Association with Antibiotic Administration.

Blasi Francesca F Lovito Carmela C Albini Elisa E Bano Luca L Dalmonte Gastone G Drigo Ilenia I Maresca Carmen C Massacci Francesca Romana FR Orsini Serenella S Primavilla Sara S Scoccia Eleonora E Tofani Silvia S Forte Claudio C Magistrali Chiara Francesca CF

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20210216 2

The emergence of Clostridioides difficile as the main agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea has raised concerns about its potential zoonotic role in different animal species. The use of antimicrobials is a major risk factor for C. difficile infection. Here, we provide data on C. difficile infection in dairy and beef calves in Umbria, a region in central Italy. This cross-sectional study focuses on prevalence, risk factors, ribotypes, toxinotypes and antimicrobial resistan ...[more]

PMID: 33669325

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Project description:Diarrheal disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves, is strongly associated with the health and composition of the gut microbiota. Clostridioides difficile is an opportunistic pathogen that proliferates and can produce enterotoxins when the host experiences gut dysbiosis. However, even asymptomatic colonization with C. difficile can be associated with differing degrees of microbiota disruption in a range of species, including people, swine, and dogs. Little is known about the interaction between C. difficile and the gut microbiota in dairy calves. In this study, we sought to define microbial features associated with C. difficile colonization in pre-weaned dairy calves less than 2 weeks of age. We characterized the fecal microbiota of 80 calves from 23 different farms using 16S rRNA sequencing and compared the microbiota of C. difficile-positive (n = 24) and C. difficile-negative calves (n = 56). Farm appeared to be the greatest source of variability in the gut microbiota. When controlling for calf age, diet, and farm location, there was no significant difference in Shannon alpha diversity (P = 0.50) or in weighted UniFrac beta diversity (P = 0.19) between C. difficile-positive and-negative calves. However, there was a significant difference in beta diversity as assessed using Bray-Curtiss diversity (P = 0.0077), and C. difficile-positive calves had significantly increased levels of Ruminococcus (gnavus group) (Adj. P = 0.052), Lachnoclostridium (Adj. P = 0.060), Butyricicoccus (Adj. P = 0.060), and Clostridium sensu stricto 2 compared to C. difficile-negative calves. Additionally, C. difficile-positive calves had fewer microbial co-occurrences than C. difficile-negative calves, indicating reduced bacterial synergies. Thus, while C. difficile colonization alone is not associated with dysbiosis and is therefore unlikely to result in an increased likelihood of diarrhea in dairy calves, it may be associated with a more disrupted microbiota.

Project description:Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection (HAI), most often following antibiotic therapy. The source of these infections may be endogenous or nosocomial; effective intervention requires distinquishing between these, which in turn requires strain typing. Numerous methods have been developed for C. difficile typing, ranging from length-based ribotyping and MLVA to whole genome sequencing. However, none are routinely used in clinical settings due to low resolution, high cost, technical complexity, or requirement for cultured isolates. The application of polymorphic locus sequence typing (PLST) to epidemiological analysis of HAI and foodborne infections has recently been described; here this approach is extended to C. difficile. Methods Tandem repeats were bioinformatically identified in the genome sequence of ribotype 027 strain R20291. These were screened by BLASTN of GenBank databases for the most polymorphic locus, which identified CdMT1 (Mbp 3.149). DNA was purified from colonies or environmental (Banana Broth) cultures; bead-beating and PCR inhibitor removal steps were required for consistent results. Results CdMT1 encompassed MLVA repeat C6cd which, based on length alone, yielded the highest diversity index (DI) of 0.96. In contrast, CdMT1 sequence analysis yielded DI of >0.99. Comparison to ribotype further illustrated high level resolution; e.g., 9 ribotype 027 strains were resolved into 8 CdMT1 alleles. For initial laboratory evalulation, veterinary C. difficile isolates (44 canine, 4 bovine) were CdMT1 typed. Bioinformatic analysis of the 48 sequences resolved 24 CdMT1 alleles, including 8 clusters of 2 to 6 canine strains. Six of these clusters represented isolates from individual puppies in the same litter, or from different litters but the same household, while the bovine isolates formed a phylogenetically distinct group. Using the same DNA purification protocol, CdMT1 typing demonstrated compatibility with C. difficile-spiked stool samples and Banana Broth environmental cultures. Conclusion CdMT1 typing represents a potentially useful tool for outbreak detection and investigation in healthcare facilities, particularly in light of its compatibility with both stool and environmental samples. Disclosures Tom Edlind, PhD, MicrobiType LLC (Employee, Scientific Research Study Investigator)

Dataset Information

Clostridioides difficile in Calves in Central Italy: Prevalence, Molecular Typing, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Association with Antibiotic Administration.

Publications

<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in Calves in Central Italy: Prevalence, Molecular Typing, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Association with Antibiotic Administration.

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