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Low-Dose Ammonium Preconditioning Enhances Endurance in Submaximal Physical Exercises.

ABSTRACT: Preconditioning is often used in medicine to protect organs from ischemic damage and in athletes to enhance the performances. We tested whether low-dose ammonium preconditioning (AMP) could have a beneficial effect on physical exercises (PE). We used Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) on a treadmill to investigate the effects of low-dose AMP on the physical exercise capacity of professional track and field athletes and tested twenty-five athletes. Because of the individual differences between athletes, we performed a preliminary treadmill test (Pre-test) and, according to the results, the athletes were randomly allocated into the AMP and control (placebo, PL) group based on the similarity of the total distance covered on a treadmill. In the AMP group, the covered distance increased (11.3 ± 3.6%, p < 0.02) compared to Pre-test. Similarly, AMP significantly increased O₂ uptake volume-VO₂ (4.6 ± 2.3%, p < 0.03) and pulmonary CO₂ output-VCO₂ (8.7 ± 2.8%, p < 0.01). Further, the basic blood parameters (pH, pO₂, and lactate) shift was lower despite the greater physical exercise progress in the AMP group compared to Pre-test, whereas in the placebo group there were no differences between Pre-test and Load-test. Importantly, the AMP significantly increased red blood cell count (6.8 ± 2.0%, p < 0.01) and hemoglobin concentration (5.3 ± 1.9%, p < 0.01), which might explain the beneficial effects in physical exercise progress. For the first time, we showed that low-dose AMP had clear beneficial effects on submaximal PE.

SUBMITTER: Mindukshev I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7920466 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Low-Dose Ammonium Preconditioning Enhances Endurance in Submaximal Physical Exercises.

Mindukshev Igor I Sudnitsyna Julia J Goncharov Nikolay V NV Skverchinskaya Elisaveta E Dobrylko Irina I Nikitina Elena E Krivchenko Alexandr I AI Gambaryan Stepan S

Sports (Basel, Switzerland) 20210216 2

Preconditioning is often used in medicine to protect organs from ischemic damage and in athletes to enhance the performances. We tested whether low-dose ammonium preconditioning (AMP) could have a beneficial effect on physical exercises (PE). We used Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) on a treadmill to investigate the effects of low-dose AMP on the physical exercise capacity of professional track and field athletes and tested twenty-five athletes. Because of the individual differences betwe ...[more]

PMID: 33669436

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Project description:The present study was designed to provide further insight into the mechanistic basis for the improved exercise tolerance following ischemic preconditioning (IPC) by investigating key-determinants of performance and perceived fatigability. Using a randomized, counterbalanced, single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover design, 16 males performed an isometric time-to-exhaustion test with the knee extensors at 20% maximal voluntary torque (MVT) after an IPC and a sham treatment (SHAM). Those who improved their time-to-exhaustion following IPC performed a time-matched IPC trial corresponding to the exercise duration of SHAM (IPCtm). Neuromuscular function was assessed before and after exercise termination during each condition (IPC, IPCtm, and SHAM) to analyze the impact of IPC on performance fatigability and its central and peripheral determinants. Muscle oxygenation (SmO2), muscle activity, and perceptual responses (effort and muscle pain) were recorded during exercise. Performance fatigability as well as its central and peripheral determinants were quantified as percentage pre-post changes in MVT (?MVT) as well as voluntary activation (?VA) and quadriceps twitch torque evoked by paired electrical stimuli at 100 and 10 Hz (?PS100 and ?PS10?PS100-1 ratio), respectively. Time-to-exhaustion, performance fatigability, its determinants, muscle activity, SmO2, and perceptual responses during exercise were not different between IPC and SHAM. However, six participants improved their performance by >10% following IPC (299 ± 71 s) compared to SHAM (253 ± 66 s, d = 3.23). The time-matched comparisons (IPCtm vs. SHAM) indicated that performance fatigability, its determinants, and SmO2 were not affected, while effort perception seemed to be lower (?p 2 = 0.495) in those who improved their time-to-exhaustion. The longer time-to-exhaustion following IPC seemed to be associated with a lower effort perception (?p 2 = 0.380) and larger impairments in neuromuscular function, i.e., larger ?MVT, ?VA, and ?PS10?PS100-1 ratio (d = 0.71, 1.0, 0.92, respectively). IPC did neither affect exercise tolerance, performance fatigability, as well as its central and peripheral determinants, nor muscle activity, SmO2, and perceptual responses during submaximal isometric exercise. However, IPC seemed to have an ergogenic effect in a few subjects, which might have resulted from a lower effort perception during exercise. These findings support the assumption that there are 'responders' and 'non-responders' to IPC.

Dataset Information

Low-Dose Ammonium Preconditioning Enhances Endurance in Submaximal Physical Exercises.

Publications

Low-Dose Ammonium Preconditioning Enhances Endurance in Submaximal Physical Exercises.

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