Dataset Information

Estimating CO₂ Emission Savings from Ultrahigh Performance Concrete: A System Dynamics Approach.

ABSTRACT: Ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) is the world's most consumed commodity after water. However, the production of cement is a major contributor to global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. In recent years, ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) has emerged as a strong contender to replace OPC in diverse applications. UHPC has much higher mechanical strength, and thus less material is used in a structural member to resist the same load. Moreover, it has a much longer service life, reducing the long-term need for repair and replacement of aging civil infrastructure. Thus, UHPC can enhance the sustainability of cement and concrete. However, there is currently no robust tool to estimate the sustainability benefits of UHPC. This task is challenging considering that such benefits can only be captured over the long-term since variables, such as population growth and cement demand per capita, become more uncertain. In addition, the problem of CO₂ emissions from cement and concrete is a complex system affected by time-dependent feedback. The System Dynamics (SD) method has specifically been developed for modeling such complex systems. Accordingly, a SD model was developed in this study to test various pertinent policy scenarios. It is shown that UHPC can reduce cumulative CO₂ emissions of cement and concrete-over the studied simulation period-by more than 17%. If supplementary cementitious materials are further deployed in UHPC and new technologies permit reducing the carbon footprint per unit mass of cement, emission savings can become more substantial. The model offers a flexible framework where the user controls various inputs and can extend the model to account for new data, without the need for reconstruction of the entire model.

SUBMITTER: Sheheryar M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7924067 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Estimating CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Savings from Ultrahigh Performance Concrete: A System Dynamics Approach.

Sheheryar Mubashar M Rehan Rashid R Nehdi Moncef L ML

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20210220 4

Ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) is the world's most consumed commodity after water. However, the production of cement is a major contributor to global anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In recent years, ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) has emerged as a strong contender to replace OPC in diverse applications. UHPC has much higher mechanical strength, and thus less material is used in a structural member to resist the same load. Moreover, it has a much longer service life, reduci ...[more]

PMID: 33672571

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Project description:Humans rapidly adapt reaching movements in response to perturbations (e.g., manipulations of movement dynamics or visual feedback). Following a break, when reexposed to the same perturbation, subjects demonstrate savings, a faster learning rate compared with the time course of initial training. Although this has been well studied, there are open questions on the extent early savings reflects the rapid recall of previous performance. To address this question, we examined how the properties of initial training (duration and final adaptive state) influence initial single-trial adaptation to force-field perturbations when training sessions were separated by 24 h. There were two main groups that were distinct based on the presence or absence of a washout period at the end of day 1 (with washout vs. without washout). We also varied the training duration on day 1 (15, 30, 90, or 160 training trials), resulting in 8 subgroups of subjects. We show that single-trial adaptation on day 2 scaled with training duration, even for similar asymptotic levels of learning on day 1 of training. Interestingly, the temporal force profile following the first perturbation on day 2 matched that at the end of day 1 for the longest training duration group that did not complete the washout. This correspondence persisted but was significantly lower for shorter training durations and the washout subject groups. Collectively, the results suggest that the adaptation observed very early in reexposure results from the rapid recall of the previously learned motor recalibration but is highly dependent on the initial training duration and final adaptive state.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The extent initial readaptation reflects the recall of previous motor performance is largely unknown. We examined early single-trial force-field adaptation on the second day of training and distinguished initial retention from recall. We found that the single-trial adaptation following the 24-h break matched that at the end of the first day, but this recall was modified by the training duration and final level of learning on the first day of training.

Dataset Information

Estimating CO₂ Emission Savings from Ultrahigh Performance Concrete: A System Dynamics Approach.

Publications

Estimating CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Savings from Ultrahigh Performance Concrete: A System Dynamics Approach.

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Estimating CO2 Emission Savings from Ultrahigh Performance Concrete: A System Dynamics Approach.

Publications

Estimating CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Savings from Ultrahigh Performance Concrete: A System Dynamics Approach.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Estimating CO₂ Emission Savings from Ultrahigh Performance Concrete: A System Dynamics Approach.