Dataset Information

Composition and origins of decorated glass from Umayyad Cordoba (Spain).

ABSTRACT: Recent archaeological excavations carried out in the western suburbs of Cordoba (Spain) brought to light numerous fragments of archaeological glass from the caliphal period (929-1031 CE). The typological and compositional analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of 66 fragments enabled the identification of different types of base glass and glass working techniques, identifying local productions, imports and decorative imitations of eastern models. The studied fragments include Mesopotamian, Levantine, Egyptian and possibly Sicilian soda-rich plant ash glass categories, and various glass-decorating techniques such as mould-blowing, pressing, cutting, staining or gilding. The systematic comparison of the trace element patterns of several relief-cut objects identified both imported ware and a locally manufactured sample, whereas all mould-blown pieces were made from locally sourced raw materials. Iberian glassworkers seem to have preferred mould-blowing, probably because of the distinct working properties of locally available high lead glass. The results thus confirm the continuous long-distance exchange of vitreous material, as well as the existence of multiple glassmaking centres in the Iberian Peninsula, illustrating a link between secondary glass working techniques and chemical composition. Furthermore, the identification of several fragments belonging to the same object based on chemical composition allowed us to reconstruct entire vessels and thereby expand the repertoire of known typologies circulating in Umayyad Spain.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40494-021-00505-4.

SUBMITTER: De Juan Ares J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7954763 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Hundreds of sourdoughs have been investigated in the last decades. However, many studies used a culture-dependent and/or culture-independent microbiological approach [mainly based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR amplicons], seldomly combined with a metabolite target analysis, to characterize the microbial species communities of the sourdoughs examined. Moreover, attention was mainly paid on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast species. In the present study, distinct household-scale (including an artisan lambic brewery) and artisan bakery-scale backslopped sourdoughs (17 in total), obtained from different regions (Belgium, France, United Kingdom, and USA), were examined through a multiphasic approach, encompassing a culture-dependent analysis [targeting LAB, acetic acid bacteria (AAB), and yeasts], different culture-independent techniques [rRNA-PCR-DGGE, metagenetics, and metagenomics (four bakery sourdoughs)], and metabolite target analysis. It turned out that the microbial species diversity of the sourdoughs was influenced by the house microbiota of the producer. Further, when the producer made use of different flours, the sourdoughs harbored similar microbial communities, independent of the flour used. AAB were only present in the Belgian sourdoughs, which might again be related to the processing environment. Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis (formerly known as Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis) was the prevalent LAB species of the eight sourdoughs produced by two of the three bakeries of different countries analyzed. These sourdoughs were characterized by the presence of either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Kazachstania humilis. Moreover, the presence of Fl. sanfranciscensis was positively correlated with the production of mannitol and negatively correlated with the presence of other LAB or AAB species. Sourdoughs produced in an artisan lambic brewery were characterized by the presence of the yeast species Dekkera anomala and Pichia membranifaciens. One household sourdough was characterized by the presence of uncommon species, such as Pediococcus parvulus and Pichia fermentans. Metagenomic sequencing allowed the detection of many more LAB and AAB species than the other methods applied, which opened new frontiers for the understanding of the microbial communities involved during sourdough production processes.

Project description:Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a major fruit crop in the Mediterranean Basin. Ex-situ olive management is essential to ensure optimal use of genetic resources in breeding programs. The Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba (WOGBC), Spain, and Marrakech (WOGBM), Morocco, are currently the largest existing olive germplasm collections. Characterization, identification, comparison and authentication of all accessions in both collections could thus provide useful information for managing olive germplasm for its preservation, exchange within the scientific community and use in breeding programs. Here we applied 20 microsatellite markers (SSR) and 11 endocarp morphological traits to discriminate and authenticate 1091 olive accessions belonging to WOGBM and WOGBC (554 and 537, respectively). Of all the analyzed accessions, 672 distinct SSR profiles considered as unique genotypes were identified, but only 130 were present in both collections. Combining SSR markers and endocarp traits led to the identification of 535 cultivars (126 in common) and 120 authenticated cultivars. No significant differences were observed between collections regarding the allelic richness and diversity index. We concluded that the genetic diversity level was stable despite marked contrasts in varietal composition between collections, which could be explained by their different collection establishment conditions. This highlights the extent of cultivar variability within WOGBs. Moreover, we detected 192 mislabeling errors, 72 of which were found in WOGBM. A total of 228 genotypes as molecular variants of 74 cultivars, 79 synonyms and 39 homonyms as new cases were identified. Both collections were combined to define the nested core collections of 55, 121 and 150 sample sizes proposed for further studies. This study was a preliminary step towards managing and mining the genetic diversity in both collections while developing collaborations between olive research teams to conduct association mapping studies by exchanging and phenotyping accessions in contrasted environmental sites.

Dataset Information

Composition and origins of decorated glass from Umayyad Cordoba (Spain).

Supplementary information

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets