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Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes.


ABSTRACT: Bacteria and archaea are frequently attacked by viruses and other mobile genetic elements and rely on dedicated antiviral defense systems, such as restriction endonucleases and CRISPR, to survive. The enormous diversity of viruses suggests that more types of defense systems exist than are currently known. By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. These systems incorporate enzymatic activities not previously implicated in antiviral defense, including RNA editing and retron satellite DNA synthesis. In addition, we computationally predict a diverse set of other putative defense genes that remain to be characterized. These results highlight an immense array of molecular functions that microbes use against viruses.

SUBMITTER: Gao L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7985843 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes.

Gao Linyi L   Altae-Tran Han H   Böhning Francisca F   Makarova Kira S KS   Segel Michael M   Schmid-Burgk Jonathan L JL   Koob Jeremy J   Wolf Yuri I YI   Koonin Eugene V EV   Zhang Feng F  

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20200801 6507


Bacteria and archaea are frequently attacked by viruses and other mobile genetic elements and rely on dedicated antiviral defense systems, such as restriction endonucleases and CRISPR, to survive. The enormous diversity of viruses suggests that more types of defense systems exist than are currently known. By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archae  ...[more]

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