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Triggering Neurotransmitters Secretion from Single Cells by X-ray Nanobeam Irradiation.

ABSTRACT: The employment of ionizing radiation is a powerful tool in cancer therapy, but beyond targeted effects, many studies have highlighted the relevance of its off-target consequences. An exhaustive understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects is still missing, and no real-time data about signals released by cells during irradiation are presently available. We employed a synchrotron X-ray nanobeam to perform the first real-time simultaneous measurement of both X-ray irradiation and in vitro neurotransmitter release from individual adrenal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells plated over a diamond-based multielectrode array. We have demonstrated that, in specific conditions, X-rays can alter cell activity by promoting dopamine exocytosis, and such an effect is potentially very attractive for a more effective treatment of tumors.

SUBMITTER: Picollo F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7997629 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Beam damage of single semiconductor nanowires during X-ray nanobeam diffraction experiments.

Project description:Nanoprobe X-ray diffraction (nXRD) using focused synchrotron radiation is a powerful technique to study the structural properties of individual semiconductor nanowires. However, when performing the experiment under ambient conditions, the required high X-ray dose and prolonged exposure times can lead to radiation damage. To unveil the origin of radiation damage, a comparison is made of nXRD experiments carried out on individual semiconductor nanowires in their as-grown geometry both under ambient conditions and under He atmosphere at the microfocus station of the P08 beamline at the third-generation source PETRA III. Using an incident X-ray beam energy of 9 keV and photon flux of 1010 s-1, the axial lattice parameter and tilt of individual GaAs/In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs core-shell nanowires were monitored by continuously recording reciprocal-space maps of the 111 Bragg reflection at a fixed spatial position over several hours. In addition, the emission properties of the (In,Ga)As quantum well, the atomic composition of the exposed nanowires and the nanowire morphology were studied by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, both prior to and after nXRD exposure. Nanowires exposed under ambient conditions show severe optical and morphological damage, which was reduced for nanowires exposed under He atmosphere. The observed damage can be largely attributed to an oxidation process from X-ray-induced ozone reactions in air. Due to the lower heat-transfer coefficient compared with GaAs, this oxide shell limits the heat transfer through the nanowire side facets, which is considered as the main channel of heat dissipation for nanowires in the as-grown geometry.

| S-EPMC7467348 | biostudies-literature

Gamma ray irradiation of epithelial carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions

Project description:We demonstrate for the first time that under hypoxic conditions, A431 epithelial carcinoma cells exhibit increased viability when exposed to low-dose ?-irradiation, indicating that radiotherapy can promote tumor cell survival when oxygen supply is limited. When assessed using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics and Western blotting, irradiated tumor cells were observed to significantly up-regulate the expression of calcium-binding proteins CALM1, CALU and RCN1, suggesting important roles for these mediators in promoting tumor cell survival during hypoxia.

2017-03-29 | MSV000080784 | MassIVE

Gamma ray irradiation of epithelial carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions

Project description:We demonstrate for the first time that under hypoxic conditions, A431 epithelial carcinoma cells exhibit increased viability when exposed to low-dose γ-irradiation, indicating that radiotherapy can promote tumor cell survival when oxygen supply is limited. When assessed using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics and Western blotting, irradiated tumor cells were observed to significantly up-regulate the expression of calcium-binding proteins CALM1, CALU and RCN1, suggesting important roles for these mediators in promoting tumor cell survival during hypoxia.

2017-02-27 | PXD003937 | Pride

Triggering RNA Interference by Photoreduction under Red Light Irradiation.

Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a powerful tool to target any protein of interest and is becoming more suitable for in vivo applications due to recent developments in RNA delivery systems. To exploit RNAi for cancer treatment, it is desirable to increase its selectivity, e.g., by a prodrug approach to activate the siRNAs upon external triggering, e.g., by using light. Red light is especially well suited for in vivo applications due to its low toxicity and higher tissue penetration. Known molecular (not nanoparticle-based) red-light-activatable siRNA prodrugs rely on singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated chemistry. 1O2 is highly cytotoxic. Additionally, one of the side products in the activation of the known siRNA prodrugs is anthraquinone, which is also toxic. We herein report on an improved redlight-activatable siRNA prodrug, which does not require 1O2 for its activation. In fact, the 5' terminus of the antisense strand is protected with an electron-rich azobenzene promoiety. It is reduced and cleaved upon red light exposure in the presence of Sn(IV)(pyropheophorbide a)dichloride acting as a catalyst and ascorbate as a bulk reducing agent. We confirmed the prodrug activation upon red light irradiation both in cell-free settings and in human ovarian cancer A2780 cells.

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Effect of X-ray irradiation on hepatocarcinoma cells and erythrocytes in salvaged blood.

Project description:The broad clinical acceptance of intraoperative blood salvage and its applications in cancer surgery remain controversial. Until now, a method that can safely eliminate cancer cells while preserving erythrocytes does not exist. Here, we investigated whether X-ray generated from linear accelerator irradiation at a certain dose can kill hepatocarcinoma cells while preserving erythrocytes. HepG2, SK-Hep1 or Huh7 cells were mixed into the aliquots of erythrocytes obtained from healthy volunteers. After the mixed cells were exposed to 30?Gy and 50?Gy X-rays irradiation, the viability, clonogenicity, DNA synthesis and tumorigenicity of the tumor cells were determined by the MTT assay, plate colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, and subcutaneous xenograft implantation into immunocompromised mice. The ATP, 2,3-DPG, free Hb, osmotic fragility, blood gas variables in erythrocytes and morphology of erythrocytes at 0?h, 12?h, 24?h, 48?h, 72?h after irradiation were analyzed. X-ray irradiation at 30?Gy effectively inhibited the viability, proliferation, and tumorigenicity of HepG2, SK-Hep1 and Huh7 cells without noticeably damaging the ability of oxygen-carrying, membrane integrity and morphology of erythrocytes. Theses results suggest that X-ray at 30?Gy irradiation might be safe to eliminate hepatocarcinoma cells while preserving erythrocytes in salvaged blood.

| S-EPMC5554194 | biostudies-literature

Electrically driven nanobeam laser

Project description:The realization of lasers as small as possible has been one of the long-standing goals of the laser physics and quantum optics communities. Among multitudes of recent small cavities, the one-dimensional nanobeam cavity has been actively investigated as one of the most attractive candidates for effective photon confinement thanks to its simple geometry. However, the current injection into the ultra-small nano-resonator without critically degrading the quality factor remains still unanswered. Here we report an electrically driven, one-dimensional, photonic-well, single-mode, room-temperature nanobeam laser whose footprint approaches the smallest possible value. The small physical volume of ~4.6 × 0.61 × 0.28??m3 (~8.2(??n?1)3) was realized through the introduction of a Gaussian-like photonic well made of only 11 air holes. In addition, a low threshold current of ~5??A was observed from a three-cell nanobeam cavity at room temperature. The simple one-dimensional waveguide nature of the nanobeam enables straightforward integration with other photonic applications such as photonic integrated circuits and quantum information devices. Lasers for on-chip optical technologies should be as small as possible. Here, Jeong et al. achieve room-temperature lasing in an electrically driven nanobeam photonic structure using only 11 holes to confine the light.

| S-EPMC3868207 | biostudies-literature

lncRNA and mRNA-sequencing of WS1 cells after 5Gy of X-Ray irradiation

Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the lncRNA and mRNA expression profile of human fibroblast WS1 cells between 0 Gy and 5 Gy X-ray irradiation. Methods: lncRNA and mRNA-sequencing of WS1 cells were generated using Illuminal Hiseq4000, RNA-seq reads were mapped to human genome hg19 by hisat2 software. Cuffdiff software was used to analysis the differentially expressed levels of LncRNA and mRNA FPKM. Results: We identified different expressed levels of 88780 lnRNA and 20311 mRNA transcripts in WS1 cells between 0 Gy and 5 Gy X-ay irradiation. Conclusion: Our study first revealed the detail of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of WS1 cells after 5Gy of X-Ray irradiation

2018-07-20 | GSE102145 | GEO

Lymphoma transcriptome analysis after X-ray or Proton beam irradiation

Project description:Proton (PT) therapy represents an alternative to conventional X-ray therapy, and its clinical application for cancer treatment is on the rise due to associated dose deposit advantages. However, our knowledge of biological responses to PT, in comparison to X-ray, remains in its infancy. Identification of PT specific molecular signals is an important opportunity for the discovery of biomarkers and synergistic drugs. We have profiled the transcriptome regulation of lymphoma cells exposed to clinical sources of PT and X-ray radiation, respectively. Subsequent analysis demonstrated both common and radiation-specific deregulation of gene expression. Gene set enrichment discovered pathways unique to PT \ that contribute to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and mitochondrial transport.

2022-01-03 | GSE143550 | GEO

Phospho-proteomics analysis of early-response of U251 cells to X-ray irradiation

Project description:Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. GBM is associated with radio-resistance. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as protein phosphorylation can play an important role in the cellular response to radiation. To better understand the early cellular activities after radiation in GBM, we carried out a phospho-proteomic study on the U251 cell line, 3h after X-ray irradiation (6Gy) and on non-irradiated cells.

2024-11-07 | PXD057642 |

Characterization of protoporphytin IX effects on X-ray irradiation in Hela cells in vitro

Project description:Hela cells were used to evaluate the protoporphytin IX (PpIX) effects on X-ray irradiation. Treatment conditions were (1) control group (untreated cells); (2) cells treated with 1 μg /ml PpIX for 6 hours; (3) cells irradiated with 3Gy X-rays; (4) cells treated with 1 μg /ml PpIX for 6 hours prior to irradiation with 3Gy X-rays.

2015-01-21 | GSE61805 | GEO

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