Past Year Cannabis Use Among Norwegian Adolescents: Time Trends Based on the Ungdata Surveys 2010-2019.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Heradstveit O
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8007792 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundPrevalence of cannabis use has been increasing among select subgroups in the US; however, trend analyses typically examine prevalence of use across years. We sought to determine whether there is seasonal variation in use.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a repeated cross-sectional survey of nationally representative probability samples of noninstitutionalized populations age ≥12 in the US. Quarterly trends in any past-month cannabis use were estimated using data from 2015-2019 (N = 282,768).ResultsPrevalence of past-month cannabis use increased significantly from 2015 to 2019 from 8.3%-11.5%, a 38.2 % increase (P < 0.001). Prevalence increased across calendar quarters on average from 8.9 % in January-March to 10.1 % in October-December, a 13.0 % increase (P < 0.001). Controlling for survey year and participant demographics, each subsequent quarter was associated with a 6% increase in odds for use (aOR=1.06, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.07). There were significant increases by quarter among all subgroups of sex, race/ethnicity, education, and among most adult age groups (Ps<0.05), with a 52.7 % increase among those age ≥65. Prevalence also significantly increased among those without a medical cannabis prescription and those not proxy-diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (Ps<0.01), suggesting recreational use may be driving increases more than medical or more chronic use. Those reporting past-year LSD or blunt use in particular were more likely to report higher prevalence of use later in the year (a 4.9 % and 3.3 % absolute increase, respectively; Ps<0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of cannabis use increases throughout the year, independently of annual increases.
| S-EPMC7855903 | biostudies-literature
Project description:METHODS:Data are from an online survey of 482 adolescents (aged 15-19 years) living in states with legalized retail cannabis. Youth were asked about their engagement with cannabis promotions, including whether they liked/followed cannabis businesses on social media (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram), had a favorite cannabis brand, or could see themselves owning/wearing a cannabis-branded product. Youth also self-reported cannabis use in the past year. We used logistic regression with a Bonferroni correction to compare the odds of cannabis use among youth with different levels of engagement with cannabis promotions and brands after controlling for demographics. RESULTS:After adjusting for several possible confounders, youth who liked or followed a cannabis business on at least one social media platform had 5 times higher odds of past-year cannabis use (aOR = 5.00, 95% CI: 2.47, 10.09, p < 0.001). Youth who thought it was likely that they would own or wear cannabis-branded merchandise (aOR = 6.93, 95% CI: 4.45, 10.78, p < 0.001) or who had a favorite cannabis brand (aOR = 7.98, 95% CI: 4.90, 13.00, p < 0.001) had nearly 8 times greater odds of past-year cannabis use. CONCLUSION:Youth who engage with cannabis promotions and brands had higher odds of past-year cannabis use. Jurisdictions with retail cannabis may want to consider restrictions to limit youth engagement with cannabis promotions.
| S-EPMC6878135 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to examine adolescents' self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing in states with legalized cannabis and its association with past-year cannabis use. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional, online panel survey of 469 adolescents aged 15-19 years residing in four states with legal retail cannabis for adult use. Adolescents self-reported exposure to cannabis marketing on social or traditional media (i.e., outdoor or print) and past-year cannabis use. Logistic regression generated estimated odds of youths' past-year cannabis use by marketing exposure after adjusting for demographic factors and cannabis-related social norms. RESULTS:Exposure to cannabis marketing on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram was associated with increased odds of past-year cannabis use of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15%-234%), 88% (95% CI: 11%-219%), and 129% (95% CI: 32%-287%), respectively. Odds of past-year cannabis use increased by 48% (95% CI: 16%-87%) with each additional social media platform where adolescents reported exposure. CONCLUSIONS:Despite restrictions that prohibit cannabis advertising on social media, adolescents are exposed to cannabis marketing via social media, and this exposure is associated with recent cannabis use. States should consider further regulation of cannabis marketing on social media.
| S-EPMC6980270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Despite good evidence that the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is increasing in the general population, no data are available about trends in poststroke SDB. We therefore sought to assess changes in poststroke SDB over a 10-year period (2010-2019). Methods and Results Participants in the BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) project were offered a home sleep apnea test to assess for SDB after stroke. SDB assessment procedures remained unchanged throughout the study period. Respiratory event index was calculated as the sum of apneas and hypopneas per hour of recording. SDB was defined as respiratory event index ≥10/h for optimal sensitivity and specificity of the home sleep apnea test device compared with in-laboratory polysomnography. Regression models were used to test associations between SDB prevalence and severity and time, with adjustment for multiple potential confounders. Among the 1215 participants who completed objective sleep apnea testing, the prevalence of SDB grew from 61% in the first year of the study to 76% in the last, with 1.1 times higher odds each year (95% CI, 1.07-1.19), after adjustment. A linear association was identified between time and respiratory event index (average annual respiratory event index increase of 0.56/h; 95% CI, 0.20/h-0.91/h), after adjustment. There was no difference in time trends by sex or ethnicity. Conclusions The prevalence and severity of SDB after ischemic stroke has increased over the past 10 years in this population-based cohort. These data highlight the need to determine whether SDB treatment improves stroke outcomes.
| S-EPMC9245813 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeResearch suggests that women in prison have more mental health problems than men and are prone to suffer from more severe psychiatric disorders. This study utilizes national registry data to describe demographic and psychiatric gender differences in Norwegian prisons, and to investigate comorbid psychiatric disorders and time trends in psychiatric morbidity among women.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Norwegian Prison Release Study linked with the Norwegian Patient Registry and data from Statistics Norway provided information on health care utilization, socioeconomic status, and history of psychiatric disorders among all individuals (nwomen = 5,429; nmen = 45,432) who were incarcerated in a Norwegian prison between 2010 and 2019.ResultsWomen were more likely than men to have a history of any psychiatric disorder (75% vs. 59%). Substance use disorders and dual disorders were highly prevalent in both genders, yet highest among women (56 and 38% respectively, versus 43 and 24% among men). From 2010 to 2019, we found a considerable increase in the 12-month prevalence of most diagnostic categories among women entering prison.ConclusionPsychiatric and dual disorders are highly prevalent in Norwegian prisons, and especially among women. The proportion of women entering prison with a recent history of mental health problems has increased rapidly over the last decade. Women's prison institutions need to adjust health and social services, and awareness about substance use and other psychiatric disorders in order to meet the increasing proportion of women facing these challenges.
| S-EPMC10236692 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Heart failure (HF) remains a major public health challenge worldwide. Contemporary epidemiological data on HF hospitalization rates and related in-hospital mortality are scarce also in Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the trends in hospitalization rates due to HF and related in-hospital mortality in Poland in the recent decade. Data on HF hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality in patients aged >17 years in Poland between 2010 and 2019 were obtained from the central database of the Polish National Health Fund. Hospitalizations with either primary or secondary diagnosis of HF were identified using the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes (I50, I42, J81 with extensions, and R57.0). There were 4 259 698 HF hospitalizations and 608 577 in-hospital deaths (14% in-hospital mortality) reported during 2010-2019 in Poland. During this period, there was a steady increase in the number of HF hospitalizations per 1000 inhabitants in subsequent years, being more pronounced in men than in women (in 2019: 16 and 13 HF hospitalizations per 1000 inhabitants in men and women, respectively). The relative risk of HF hospitalization was higher in men than in women, and this gender-related difference steadily increased from 9% in 2010 to 25% in 2019. During 2010-2019, there was an increase in the number of HF hospitalizations per 1000 inhabitants in subsequent age groups, with a trend being more pronounced in men than in women (129 and 99 HF hospitalizations per 1000 inhabitants in men and women aged ≥80 years, respectively). During this period, there was a slight increase in in-hospital mortality during HF hospitalization in subsequent years, being more pronounced in women than in men (in 2019: 16% and 14% of in-hospital mortality in women and men, respectively). The relative risk of in-hospital mortality during HF hospitalization was higher in women than in men, and this gender-related difference steadily increased from 8% in 2010 to 18% in 2019. During this period, in-hospital mortality during HF hospitalization was ~12% for women and men aged 18-29 years, whereas the highest values of in-hospital mortality reached ~19% for patients aged ≥80 years. We have observed steady growing trends in HF hospitalization rates and related in-hospital mortality in Poland over the last decade. Both age and gender have differentiated the reported epidemiological patterns.
| S-EPMC7754958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOlder people have increasingly complex healthcare needs, often requiring appropriate access to diagnostic imaging, an essential component of their health and disease management planning. Ultrasound is a safe imaging tool used to diagnose several conditions commonly experienced by older people such as deep vein thrombosis.PurposeTo evaluate the utilisation of major ultrasound services by Australians ≥ 65 years old between 2009- and 2019.MethodsThis population-based and yearly cross-sectional study of ultrasound utilisation per 1,000 Australians ≥ 65 years old was conducted using publicly available data sources. Overall, examination site and age- and sex-specific incidence rate (IR) of ultrasound per 1,000 people, adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using negative binomial regression models.ResultsOver the study period, the crude utilisation of ultrasound increased by 83% in older Australians. Most ultrasound examinations were conducted on extremities (39%) and the chest (21%), with 25% of all ultrasounds investigating the vascular system. More men than women use ultrasounds of the chest (184/1,000 vs 268/1,000 people), particularly echocardiograms (177/1,000 vs 261/1,000 people), and abdomen (88/1,000 vs 92/1,000 people), especially in those ≥ 85 years old. Hip and pelvic ultrasound were used more by women than men (212/1,000 vs 182/1,000 people). There were increases in vascular abdominal (IRR:1.07, 95%CI:1.06-1.08) and extremeties (IRR:1.06, 95%CI:1.05-1.07) ultrasounds over the study period, particularly in ≥ 75 years old men.ConclusionsUltrasound is a common and increasingly used diagnostic tool for conditions commonly experienced by older Australians.
| S-EPMC9883967 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportancePatient safety is a US national priority, yet lacks a comprehensive assessment of progress over the past decade.ObjectiveTo determine the change in the rate of adverse events in hospitalized patients.Design, setting, and participantsThis serial cross-sectional study used data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System from 2010 to 2019 to assess in-hospital adverse events in patients. The study included 244 542 adult patients hospitalized in 3156 US acute care hospitals across 4 condition groups from 2010 through 2019: acute myocardial infarction (17%), heart failure (17%), pneumonia (21%), and major surgical procedures (22%); and patients hospitalized from 2012 through 2019 for all other conditions (22%).ExposuresAdults aged 18 years or older hospitalized during each included calendar year.Main outcomes and measuresInformation on adverse events (abstracted from medical records) included 21 measures across 4 adverse event domains: adverse drug events, hospital-acquired infections, adverse events after a procedure, and general adverse events (hospital-acquired pressure ulcers and falls). The outcomes were the total change over time for the observed and risk-adjusted adverse event rates in the subpopulations.ResultsThe study sample included 190 286 hospital discharges combined in the 4 condition-based groups of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia, and major surgical procedures (mean age, 68.0 [SD, 15.9] years; 52.6% were female) and 54 256 hospital discharges for the group including all other conditions (mean age, 57.7 [SD, 20.7] years; 59.8% were female) from 3156 acute care hospitals across the US. From 2010 to 2019, the total change was from 218 to 139 adverse events per 1000 discharges for acute myocardial infarction, from 168 to 116 adverse events per 1000 discharges for heart failure, from 195 to 119 adverse events per 1000 discharges for pneumonia, and from 204 to 130 adverse events per 1000 discharges for major surgical procedures. From 2012 to 2019, the rate of adverse events for all other conditions remained unchanged at 70 adverse events per 1000 discharges. After adjustment for patient and hospital characteristics, the annual change represented by relative risk in all adverse events per 1000 discharges was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.94) for acute myocardial infarction, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94-0.96) for heart failure, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.95) for pneumonia, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92-0.94) for major surgical procedures, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) for all other conditions. The risk-adjusted adverse event rates declined significantly in all patient groups for adverse drug events, hospital-acquired infections, and general adverse events. For patients in the major surgical procedures group, the risk-adjusted rates of events after a procedure declined significantly.Conclusions and relevanceIn the US between 2010 and 2019, there was a significant decrease in the rates of adverse events abstracted from medical records for patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia, and major surgical procedures and there was a significant decrease in the adjusted rates of adverse events between 2012 and 2019 for all other conditions. Further research is needed to understand the extent to which these trends represent a change in patient safety.
| S-EPMC9277501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIt is well-known that secondhand smoke exposure in childhood or adolescence is positively associated with morbidity and mortality. However, less is known about the current status of and most recent trends in secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents in China.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess recent changes in the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents in China using nationally representative data.MethodsWe used data from 2 repeated national cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2013-2014 and 2019. A total of 155,117 students (median age 13.5 years) in 2013-2014 and 147,270 students (median age 13.1 years) in 2019 were included in this study. Sociodemographic factors and secondhand smoke exposure information were collected via a standardized questionnaire. Exposure was defined as secondhand smoke exposure ≥1 day during the past 7 days at home or in public places. Other frequencies of secondhand smoke exposure (ie, ≥3 days, ≥5 days, and every day) during the past 7 days were also assessed. The weighted prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was calculated according to the complex sample design for surveys.ResultsThe prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in any place (home or public places ≥1 day during the past 7 days) decreased from 2013-2014 (72.9%, 95% CI 71.5%-74.3%) to 2019 (63.2%, 95% CI 62%-64.5%), as did exposure at home (2013-2014: 44.4%, 95% CI 43.1%-45.7%; 2019: 34.1%, 95% CI 33.1%-35.2%) and in public places (2013-2014: 68.3%, 95% CI 66.9%-69.6%; 2019: 57.3%, 95% CI 56%-58.6%). The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure decreased with increased gross domestic product per capita in each of the 2 survey years irrespective of exposure frequency or location. The prevalence of exposure at other frequencies (ie, ≥3 days, ≥5 days, or every day during the past 7 days) also decreased in any place, at home, and in public places. Secondhand smoke exposure was associated with higher school grade level (ninth vs seventh grade: odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% CI 1.68-1.84), gender (boys vs girls: OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.15-1.22), urban status (urban vs rural: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19), and cigarette smoking (yes vs no: OR 6.67, 95% CI 5.83-7.62).ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among Chinese adolescents declined from 2013-2014 to 2019, it remains unacceptably high. More effective strategies and stronger action are needed in China to further, and dramatically, curb secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents.
| S-EPMC10131728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe importance of healthy eating in adolescence is well established. The present study examined possible effects of the free Norwegian School Fruit Scheme (NSFS), changes in dietary habits between 1995 and 2008, and whether secular changes in dietary habits differed among schools who implemented the NSFS during September 2007.MethodWe used data from the Young-HUNT1 survey conducted from 1995 to 1997 and the Young-HUNT3 survey conducted from 2006 to 2008, which are part of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), a longitudinal population health study. To evaluate the NSFS, the date Young-HUNT3 participants answered the questionnaire was used to identify affiliation to the intervention group (post-September 2007, n = 1892) or control group (pre-September 2007, n = 2855). To explore dietary habits over time, adolescents attending the same schools in Young-HUNT1 (n = 4137) and Young-HUNT3 (n = 4113) were included. Further, we investigated secular changes in dietary habits according to school type (intervention schools vs control schools). In all analysis, we explored possible differential effects according to socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. A questionnaire measured adolescents' consumption of fruit, vegetables, candy, potato chips, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB). Educational intention was used as a proxy for SES. Multilevel logistic regression was used.ResultsWithin Young-HUNT3, the intervention group showed increased odds of daily consumption of fruit (aOR 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4) compared to the control group. Over time, adolescents were more likely to consume fruit (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.28-1.71), vegetables (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.28-1.53), potato chips (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.26-2.04) and SSB (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.66-2.45). Secular changes for fruit differed by school type: adolescents in intervention schools had higher odds of daily consumption (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.38-2.38) than those in control schools (aOR 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07-1.47).ConclusionThe results indicated that the NSFS increased adolescents' fruit consumption. In the period assessed, the study identified positive and negative changes in adolescents' dietary habits.
| S-EPMC6868806 | biostudies-literature