CmRCD1 represses flowering by directly interacting with CmBBX8 in summer chrysanthemum.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8012346 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:For a flowering plant, the transition from vegetative stage to reproductive growth is probably the most critical developmental switch. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the product of BBX7, group II member of BBX family, acts to delay floral transition. In this study, a presumed chrysanthemum homolog of a second group gene AtBBX8, designated CmBBX8, had been isolated and characterized. The transcription of CmBBX8 followed a diurnal rhythm as the chrysanthemum floral transition regulator. Overexpression of CmBBX8 accelerated flowering, while its (artificial microRNAs) amiR-enabled knockdown delayed flowering in plants grown under both long- and short-day conditions. Global expression analysis revealed that genes associated with photoperiod were down-regulated in amiR-CmBBX8 lines compared with the wild type, which were verified to be up-regulated in overexpressing lines (OX-CmBBX8) by RT-PCR. A number of in vitro assays were used to show that CmBBX8 targets CmFTL1. Furthermore, the function of CmFTL1 as a floral inducer under long-day conditions was confirmed by the behaviour of engineered summer-flowering chrysanthemum plants. The conclusion is that the BBX8-FT regulatory module is an important determinant of reproductive development in summer-flowering chrysanthemum.
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Project description:BackgroundChrysanthemum is a leading cut flower species. Most conventional cultivars flower during the fall, but the Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Yuuka' flowers during the summer, thereby filling a gap in the market. To date, investigations of flowering time determination have largely focused on fall-flowering types. Little is known about molecular basis of flowering time in the summer-flowering chrysanthemum. Here, the genome-wide transcriptome of 'Yuuka' was acquired using RNA-Seq technology, with a view to shedding light on the molecular basis of the shift to reproductive growth as induced by variation in the photoperiod.ResultsTwo sequencing libraries were prepared from the apical meristem and leaves of plants exposed to short days, three from plants exposed to long days and one from plants sampled before any photoperiod treatment was imposed. From the ~316 million clean reads obtained, 115,300 Unigenes were assembled. In total 70,860 annotated sequences were identified by reference to various databases. A number of transcription factors and genes involved in flowering pathways were found to be differentially transcribed. Under short days, genes acting in the photoperiod and gibberellin pathways might accelerate flowering, while under long days, the trehalose-6-phosphate and sugar signaling pathways might be promoted, while the phytochrome B pathway might block flowering. The differential transcription of eight of the differentially transcribed genes was successfully validated using quantitative real time PCR.ConclusionsA transcriptome analysis of the summer-flowering cultivar 'Yuuka' has been described, along with a global analysis of floral transition under various daylengths. The large number of differentially transcribed genes identified confirmed the complexity of the regulatory machinery underlying floral transition.
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Project description:Flowering time is an important trait in chrysanthemum, but its genetic basis remains poorly understood. An intra-specific mapping population bred from the cross between the autumn-flowering cultivar 'Yuhualuoying' and the summer-flowering 'Aoyunhanxiao' was used to determine the number and relative effect of QTL segregating for five measures of flowering time. From flowering time data recorded over two consecutive seasons, 35 additive QTL were detected, each explaining between 5.8% and 22.7% of the overall phenotypic variance. Of these, 13 were detected in both years. Nine genomic regions harboring QTL for at least two of the five traits were identified. Ten pairs of loci epistatically determined the flowering time, but their contribution to the overall phenotypic variance was less than for the additive QTL. The results suggest that flowering time in chrysanthemum is principally governed by main effect QTL but that epistasis also contributes to the genetic architecture of the trait, and the major QTL identified herein are useful in our ongoing efforts to streamline the improvement of chrysanthemum via the use of molecular methodology.
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Project description:The quantitative control of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) activation is important for the floral transition in flowering plants. However, the flowering regulation mechanisms in the day-neutral, summer-flowering chrysanthemum plant remain unclear. In this study, the chrysanthemum BBX7 homolog CmBBX7 was isolated and its flowering function was identified. The expression of CmBBX7 showed a diurnal rhythm and CmBBX7 exhibited higher expression levels than CmBBX8. Overexpression of CmBBX7 in transgenic chrysanthemum accelerated flowering, whereas lines transfected with a chimeric repressor (pSRDX-CmBBX7) exhibited delayed flowering. Yeast single hybridization, luciferase, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that CmBBX7 directly targets CmFTL1. In addition, we found that CmBBX7 and CmBBX8 interact to positively regulate the expression of CmFTL1 through binding to its promoter. Collectively, these results highlight CmBBX7 as a key cooperator in the BBX8-FT module to control chrysanthemum flowering.
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Project description:Age, as a threshold of floral competence acquisition, prevents precocious flowering when there is insufficient biomass, and ensures flowering independent of environmental conditions; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, silencing the expression of a nuclear factor gene, CmNF-YB8, from the short day plant chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), results in precocious transition from juvenile to adult, as well as early flowering, regardless of day length conditions. The expression of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL) family members, SPL3, SPL5, and SPL9, is upregulated in CmNF-YB8-RNAi plants, while expression of the microRNA, cmo-MIR156, is downregulated. In addition, CmNF-YB8 is shown to bind to the promoter of the cmo-MIR156 gene. Ectopic expression of cmo-miR156, using a virus-based microRNA expression system, restores the early flowering phenotype caused by CmNF-YB8 silencing. These results show that CmNF-YB8 influences flowering time through directly regulating the expression of cmo-MIR156 in the aging pathway.The mechanisms by which plant age regulates flowering remain incompletely understood. Here the authors show that age dependent regulation of SPL transcription factors by miR156 influence flowering via control of NF-YB8 expression in Chrysanthemum.
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Project description:Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is one of the four major cut-flower plants worldwide and possesses both high ornamental value and cultural connotation. As most chrysanthemum varieties flower in autumn, it is costly to achieve annual production. JAZ genes in the TIFY family are core components of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway; in addition to playing a pivotal role in plant responses to defense, they are also widely implicated in regulating plant development processes. Here, we characterized the TIFY family gene CmJAZ1-like from the chrysanthemum cultivar 'Jinba'. CmJAZ1-like localizes in the nucleus and has no transcriptional activity in yeast. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that CmJAZ1-like was most active in the root and shoot apex. Overexpressing CmJAZ1-like with Jas domain deletion in chrysanthemum resulted in late flowering. RNA-Seq analysis of the overexpression lines revealed some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in flowering, such as the homologs of the flowering integrators FT and SOC1, an FUL homolog involved in flower meristem identity, AP2 domain-containing transcription factors, MADS box genes, and autonomous pathway-related genes. Based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the differentially transcribed genes were enriched in carbohydrate metabolic and fatty acid-related pathways, which are notable for their role in flowering in plants. This study preliminarily verified the function of CmJAZ1-like in chrysanthemum flowering, and the results can be used in molecular breeding programs aimed at flowering time regulation of chrysanthemum.
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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2024-01-30 | GSE238095 | GEO