Characterization of pubertal development of girls in rural Bangladesh.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hur J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8018666 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Environmental exposures to many phenols are documented worldwide and exposures can be quite high (>1 μM of urine metabolites). Phenols have a range of hormonal activity, but knowledge of effects on child reproductive development is limited, coming mostly from cross-sectional studies. We undertook a prospective study of pubertal development among 1239 girls recruited at three U.S. sites when they were 6-8 years old and were followed annually for 7 years to determine age at first breast or pubic hair development. Ten phenols were measured in urine collected at enrollment (benzophenone-3, enterolactone, bisphenol A, three parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-), 2,5-dichlorophenol, triclosan, genistein, daidzein). We used multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards ratios (HR (95% confidence intervals)) and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to estimate relative risk of earlier or later age at puberty associated with phenol exposures. For enterolactone and benzophenone-3, girls experienced breast development 5-6 months later, adjusted HR 0.79 (0.64-0.98) and HR 0.80 (0.65-0.98) respectively for the 5th vs 1st quintiles of urinary biomarkers (μg/g-creatinine). Earlier breast development was seen for triclosan and 2,5-dichlorophenol: 4-9 months sooner for 5th vs 1st quintiles of urinary concentrations (HR 1.17 (0.96-1.43) and HR 1.37 (1.09-1.72), respectively). Association of breast development with enterolactone, but not the other three phenols, was mediated by body size. These phenols may be antiadipogens (benzophenone-3 and enterolactone) or thyroid agonists (triclosan and 2,5-dichlorophenol), and their ubiquity and relatively high levels in children would benefit from further investigation to confirm these findings and to establish whether there are certain windows of susceptibility during which exposure can affect pubertal development.
| S-EPMC4570862 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceWhether physical development and rapid growth during the first 2 years of life are associated with puberty onset in girls remains unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of infant physical development and rapid growth with the timing of puberty onset in girls.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective birth cohort study included girls whose mothers had participated in a randomized, double-blind cluster trial of micronutrient supplementation with a daily capsule of folic acid, iron and folic acid, or multiple micronutrients during pregnancy. A total of 547 singleton girls in rural western China who were born after 2004 were followed up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age and were eligible for long-term follow-up. Of these, 294 adolescent girls (aged 10-12 years), representing 53.7% of the total sample, were included in the follow-up interview that was conducted from June 1 through December 31, 2016. Data analyses were conducted from November 1, 2019, to May 30, 2020.ExposuresInfant weight and length were assessed at birth and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Rapid growth, defined as a weight-for-age or length-for-age z score increase of greater than 0.67, was calculated during 5 periods: birth to 3 months, birth to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, and birth to 24 months of age.Main outcomes and measuresPuberty stage was assessed using the standardized Tanner staging system. Onset of puberty was defined as attaining Tanner stage 2 of breast development or pubic hair growth, and the corresponding age at follow-up was recorded.ResultsOf 294 girls included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 11.25 [0.57] years), the median age of puberty onset was 11 (interquartile range, 10-11) years. A significant association with puberty onset was found for infancy weight-for-age z score at 12 months of age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.44) and rapid weight gain from birth to 24 months of age (adjusted HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01-1.93) and birth to 3 months of age (adjusted HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02-1.91). However, length-related indicators during early life were not associated with adolescent puberty onset.Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that a higher weight-for-age z score and rapid weight gain during infancy, particularly from birth to 3 months of age, were associated with an increased likelihood of puberty onset in girls. These findings suggest that weight-related indicators may serve as proxies of puberty onset among adolescent girls.
| S-EPMC8094009 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPubertal milestones, such as onset of breast development and menstruation, play an important role in breast cancer etiology. It is unclear if these milestones are different in girls with a first- or second-degree breast cancer family history (BCFH).MethodsIn the LEGACY Girls Study (n = 1040), we examined whether three mother/guardian-reported pubertal milestones (having reached Tanner Stage 2 or higher (T2+) for breast and pubic hair development, and having started menstruation) differed by BCFH. We also examined whether associations between body size and race/ethnicity and pubertal milestones were modified by BCFH. We used mother/guardian reports as the primary measure of pubertal milestones, but also conducted sensitivity analyses using clinical Tanner measurements available for a subcohort (n = 204). We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data with logistic regression models for the entire cohort, and longitudinal data with Weibull survival models for the subcohort of girls that were aged 5-7 years at baseline (n = 258).ResultsBCFH was modestly, but not statistically significantly, associated with Breast T2+ (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.88-2.10), with a stronger association seen in the subcohort of girls with clinical breast Tanner staging (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 0.91-5.32). In a longitudinal analysis of girls who were aged 5-7 years at baseline, BCFH was associated with a 50% increased rate of having early breast development (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.0-2.21). This association increased to twofold in girls who were not overweight at baseline (HR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.29-3.21). BCFH was not associated with pubic hair development and post-menarche status. The median interval between onset of breast development and menarche was longer for BCFH+ than BCFH- girls (2.3 versus 1.7 years), suggesting a slower developmental tempo for BCFH+ girls. Associations between pubertal milestones and body size and race/ethnicity were similar in girls with or without a BCFH. For example, weight was positively associated with Breast T2+ in both girls with (OR = 1.06 per 1 kg, 95% CI = 1.03-1.10) and without (OR = 1.14 per 1 kg, 95% CI = 1.04-1.24) a BCFH.ConclusionsThese results suggest that BCFH may be related to earlier breast development and slower pubertal tempo independent of body size and race/ethnicity.
| S-EPMC5465536 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveEvidence stemming largely from retrospective studies suggests that childhood adversity (CA) is associated with earlier age at menarche, a marker of pubertal timing, among girls. Little is known about associations with pubertal tempo among boys or racial/ethnic minorities. We examined the association between CA and timing and tempo of pubertal development among boys and girls.MethodsThe Boricua Youth Study is a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican youth residing in the San Juan metro area in Puerto Rico and the South Bronx, New York. CA was based on caretaker reports of parental loss and parental maladjustment and youth reports of child maltreatment and exposure to violence. Youth completed the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) yearly for 3 years. In linear mixed models stratified by sex, we examined the association between CA and pubertal timing and tempo, adjusting for site, socioeconomic status, and age.ResultsAmong the 1949 children who were 8 years or older by wave 3, cumulative CA was associated with higher PDS scores among girls compared with girls not exposed to CA (PDS score: 2.63 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 2.55-2.71] versus 2.48 [95% CI = 2.37-2.58]). In contrast, among boys, experiencing adversities was associated with lower pubertal developmental stage or later timing (PDS: 1.77 [95% CI = 1.67-1.87] versus 1.97 [95% CI = 1.85-2.10]) compared with those not exposed to adversities.ConclusionsAssociations between CA and pubertal development may vary by sex. Understanding the etiological role of adversities on pubertal development and identifying targets for intervention are of utmost importance in ameliorating the impact of CA on child health.
| S-EPMC8058697 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Patterns of pubertal maturation have been linked to vulnerability for emotion dysregulation disorders in girls, as well as white matter (WM) development, suggestive of a potential mechanism between pubertal maturation and emotional health. Because pubertal processes begin at varying ages (i.e., status, timing) and proceed at varying rates (i.e., tempo), identifying individual differences in the pubertal course associated with subsequent WM microstructure development may reveal clues about neurobiological mechanisms of girls' emotional well-being. In a prospective cohort study of 107 girls, we examined associations between pubertal status at age 9, pubertal timing and tempo from ages 9-15, and WM microstructure at age 19. Tract-based spatial statistics revealed that girls with more advanced pubertal status at age 9, specific to gonadal-related physical changes, had higher fractional anisotropy, and lower mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity in tracts relevant to cognitive control and emotion regulation (e.g., the superior longitudinal fasciculus, external capsule, and uncinate fasciculus). Additionally, girls with earlier pubertal timing showed lower MD in the left anterior cingulum bundle. Tempo was unrelated to WM measures. These findings implicate specific aspects of pubertal maturation in subsequent neural signatures, suggesting possible neuroendocrine mechanisms relevant to emotional development. Future work incorporating longitudinal neuroimaging in parallel with pubertal measures may contribute to the understanding of individual variation in pubertal course and WM development.
| S-EPMC6296475 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCadmium is a commonly occurring toxic food contaminant, but health consequences of early-life exposure are poorly understood.ObjectivesWe evaluated the associations between cadmium exposure and neurobehavioral development in preschool children.MethodsIn our population-based mother-child cohort study in rural Bangladesh, we assessed cadmium exposure in 1,305 women in early pregnancy and their children at 5 years of age by measuring concentrations in urine (U-Cd), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Children's IQ at 5 years of age, including Verbal (VIQ), Performance (PIQ), and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), were measured by Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Behavior was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsIn multiple linear regression models, adjusted for sex, home stimulation, socioeconomic status (SES), and maternal and child characteristics, a doubling of maternal U-Cd was inversely associated with VIQ (-0.84 points; 95% confidence interval: -1.3, -0.40), PIQ (-0.64 points; -1.1, -0.18), and FSIQ (-0.80 points; -1.2, -0.39). Concurrent child U-Cd showed somewhat weaker association with VIQ and FSIQ, but not PIQ. Stratification by sex and SES indicated slightly stronger associations with PIQ and FSIQ in girls than in boys and in higher-income compared with lower-income families. Concurrent U-Cd was inversely associated with SDQ-prosocial behavior and positively associated with SDQ-difficult behavior, but associations were close to the null after adjustment. Quantile regression analysis showed similar associations across the whole range of each developmental outcome.ConclusionEarly-life low-level cadmium exposure was associated with lower child intelligence scores in our study cohort. Further research in this area is warranted.
| S-EPMC3491924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study questionDoes parental fertility, measured by time to pregnancy (TTP), or use of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) affect pubertal development in the offspring?Summary answerNeither TTP nor type of MAR treatment had clinically relevant implications for mean age at achieving individual pubertal milestones or overall timing of puberty in boys and girls.What is known alreadyParental TTP and MAR have been associated with impaired semen quality in adult sons. Timing of puberty reflects earlier signals of reproductive health, but it remains unclear whether parental fertility or MAR affects pubertal development, especially in the growing generation of children conceived by IVF or ICSI.Study design, size, durationIn this study, 15 819 children born by mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 2000 to 2003 participated in a nationwide puberty cohort (participation rate = 70%). Parental TTP and use of MAR were reported by mothers in early pregnancy and children's pubertal development data was self-recorded in web-based questionnaires from 11 years of age and 6 monthly throughout puberty (2012-2018).Participants/materials, setting, methodsPubertal development in children (of planned pregnancies, n = 13 285) born by untreated subfecund (TTP: 6-12 months) (n =2038), untreated severely subfeund (TTP: >12 months) (n = 1242), treated subfecund (n = 230) and treated severely subfecund (n = 1234) parents were compared to children born to more fertile parents (TTP: ≤5 months). We estimated mean monthly differences in mean age at achieving individual pubertal milestones (i.e. age at menarche, voice break, first ejaculation and Tanner stages 2, 3, 4 and 5 for breast or genital development and pubic hair growth) and a combined indicator of timing of puberty. Further, we compared mean age at achieving the individual pubertal milestones in children born by use of IVF or ICSI (n = 480) with children born by controlled ovarian stimulation or ovulation induction with or without intrauterine insemination (n = 902).Main results and the role of chanceWe found tendencies towards slightly later mean age at male pubertal timing and slightly earlier mean age at female pubertal timing among children born by untreated subfecund, treated subfecund, untreated severely subfecund and treated severely subfecund parents. There were no specific patterns with increasing TTP, use of MAR nor type of MAR treatment, and the magnitude of the mean differences for individual milestones and overall timing of puberty were small, i.e. 0.9 months (95% CI: -1.0; 2.8) for first ejaculation and -0.5 months (95% CI: -2.0; 1.0) months for age at menarche in boys and girls, respectively, born by treated severely subfecund parents when compared with children born by more fertile parents.Limitations, reasons for cautionNon-differential misclassification of the self-reported information on parental TTP and pubertal development in the offspring may serve as an alternative explanation of the findings, possibly biasing the estimates towards the null. The information on pubertal development was collected from around 11 years of age and onwards.Wider implications of the findingsThis study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting only limited harmful effects of parental subfecundity and MAR on offspring's long-term growth and development.Study funding/competing interest(s)This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research [DFF 4183-00152]; and the Faculty of Health at Aarhus University. The authors have no financial relationships or competing interests to disclose.
| S-EPMC6443115 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Epigenetic age is an indicator of biological aging, capturing the impact of environmental and behavioral influences across time on cellular function. Deviance between epigenetic age and chronological age (AgeAccel) is a predictor of health. Pubertal timing has similarly been associated with cancer risk and mortality rate among females. We examined the association between AgeAccel and pubertal timing and adolescent breast composition in the longitudinal Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. AgeAccel was estimated in whole blood using the Horvath method at breast Tanner 2 (B2) and 4 (B4). Total breast volume, absolute fibro-glandular volume (FGV), and %FGV were evaluated at B4 using dual X-ray absorptiometry. The impact of AgeAccel (mean: 0; SD: 3.78) across puberty on the time to breast development (thelarche), menarche, and pubertal tempo (thelarche to menarche) was estimated using accelerated failure time models; generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations with breast density. A five-year increase in average adolescent AgeAccel was associated with a significant decrease in time to menarche [hazard ratio (HR): 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.80] adjusting for birth weight, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal height, maternal education, B2 height, fat percentage, and cell composition. AgeAccel displayed a stronger inverse association with pubertal tempo (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.99). A five-year increase in AgeAccel was associated with 5% greater %FGV, adjusting for B4 percent body fat, and maternal traits (95% CI: 1.01, 1.10). Our study provides unique insight into the influence of AgeAccel on pubertal development in girls, which may have implications for adult health.
| S-EPMC5836971 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Micronutrient deficiencies remain a serious nutritional concern in Bangladesh, especially among rural women of reproductive age (WRA). This study assesses the diet quality of reproductive-aged adolescent girls and adult women (referred to together as WRA in this study), including socio-demographic factors associated with their diet quality. The diet quality of adolescent girls was compared with that of adult women to assess which group was most at risk. The diet quality was measured by calculating the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), using the preceding 24 h dietary recall method. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated as an overall measure of diet quality using the NAR. Nearly three quarters of WRA (adolescents: 73.1-88.5%; adult women: 72.9-86.4%) had an inadequate intake of calcium, vitamin A, folic acid, and vitamin B12. The prevalence of inadequate dietary intakes of calcium, zinc, and energy was significantly higher in adolescent girls (p < 0.001) than in adult women. Overall diet quality was significantly better in adult women (0.51 ± 0.21, p < 0.001) than in adolescent girls (0.49 ± 0.22). Age, marital status, educational level, and monthly household income were important factors associated with the diet quality of WRA. Micronutrient inadequacy is widely prevalent in the diets of WRA in Bangladesh, and adolescent girls with poor socio-economic status and lower educational levels are at higher risk.
| S-EPMC7911270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Early adolescence is marked by puberty, and is also a time of flux in self-perception. However, there is limited research on the neural correlates of self-evaluation in relation to pubertal development. The current study examined relationships between neural activation during self-evaluation of social traits and maturation (age and pubertal development) in a community sample of female adolescents. Participants (N?=?143; age M?=?11.65, range?=?10.0-13.0) completed a functional MRI task in which they judged the self-descriptiveness of adjectives for prosocial, antisocial and social status-related traits. Pubertal development was based on self-report, and was also examined using morning salivary testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estradiol. Contrary to preregistered hypotheses, neither age nor pubertal development were related to neural activation during self-evaluation. We further examined whether activation in two regions-of-interest, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and perigenual anterior cingulate (pgACC), was associated with trial-level self-evaluative behavior. In line with preregistered hypotheses, higher vmPFC and pgACC activation during self-evaluation were both associated with a higher probability of endorsing negative adjectives, and a lower probability of endorsing positive adjectives. Future studies should examine neural trajectories of self-evaluation longitudinally, and investigate the predictive value of the neural correlates of self-evaluation for adolescent mental health.
| S-EPMC7260676 | biostudies-literature