The Neglected C of Intercultural Relations. Cross-Cultural Adaptation Shapes Sojourner Representations of Locals.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bierwiaczonek K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8021927 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The article examines the cross-cultural transferability of a widely accepted cross-cultural assessment tool - the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) - using research conducted in Slovenia and insights from the American and Slovenian researchers who translated the tool into Slovene and adapted it for use in Slovenia. In the context of a qualitative focus group based study, the researchers look at the specific characteristics of CQS perceptions within the Slovenian sample (two focus groups - one in the capital and the other in the south of the country) and identify barriers to these perceptions and the specific characteristics of the perceptions of Slovenian citizens regarding cross-cultural interaction.
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Project description:In order to make sense of the world, humans tend to see causation almost everywhere. Although most causal relations may seem straightforward, they are not always construed in the same way cross-culturally. In this study, we investigate concepts of "chance," "coincidence," or "randomness" that refer to assumed relations between intention, action, and outcome in situations, and we ask how people from different cultures make sense of such non-law-like connections. Based on a framework proposed by Alicke (2000), we administered a task that aims to be a neutral tool for investigating causal construals cross-culturally and cross-linguistically. Members of four different cultural groups, rural Mayan Yucatec and Tseltal speakers from Mexico and urban students from Mexico and Germany, were presented with a set of scenarios involving various types of causal and non-causal relations and were asked to explain the described events. Three links varied as to whether they were present or not in the scenarios: Intention-to-Action, Action-to-Outcome, and Intention-to-Outcome. Our results show that causality is recognized in all four cultural groups. However, how causality and especially non-law-like relations are interpreted depends on the type of links, the cultural background and the language used. In all three groups, Action-to-Outcome is the decisive link for recognizing causality. Despite the fact that the two Mayan groups share similar cultural backgrounds, they display different ideologies regarding concepts of non-law-like relations. The data suggests that the concept of "chance" is not universal, but seems to be an explanation that only some cultural groups draw on to make sense of specific situations. Of particular importance is the existence of linguistic concepts in each language that trigger ideas of causality in the responses from each cultural group.
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Project description:How do people represent object meaning? It is now uncontentious that thinking about manipulable objects (e.g., pencils) activates brain regions underlying action. But is this activation part of the meaning of these objects, or is it merely incidental? The research we report here shows that when the hands are engaged in a task involving motions that are incompatible with those used to interact with frequently manipulated objects, it is more difficult to think about those objects--but not harder to think about infrequently manipulated objects (e.g., bookcases). Critically, the amount of manual experience with the object determines the amount of interference. These findings show that brain activity underlying manual action is part of, not peripheral to, the representation of frequently manipulated objects. Further, they suggest that people's ability to think about an object changes dynamically on the basis of the match between their (experience-based) mental representation of its meaning and whatever they are doing at that moment.
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Project description:Introduction. Chronic rhinosinusitis is a highly prevalent disease, so it is necessary to create valid instruments to assess the quality of life of these patients. The SNOT-20 questionnaire was developed for this purpose as a specific test to evaluate the quality of life related to chronic rhinosinusitis. It was validated in the English language, and it has been used in most studies on this subject. Currently, there is no validated instrument for assessing this disease in Portuguese. Objective. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of SNOT-20 in Portuguese. Patients and Methods. The SNOT-20 questionnaire underwent a meticulous process of cross-cultural adaptation and was evaluated by assessing its sensitivity, reliability, and validity. Results. The process resulted in an intelligible version of the questionnaire, the SNOT-20p. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91, P < .001), reliability testing-retesting (r = 0.994, P < .001), content validity, validity of discrimination of patients without chronic rhinosinusitis (U = 44, P < .0001) and assessment of sensitivity to change (SRM = 1.53 and 1.09) were evaluated. Conclusion. We conducted a successful process of cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-20 questionnaire into Portuguese.
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Project description:ObjectiveNational and international medical organizations and boards have recognized the importance of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and emphasized that EBM training should be included in medical education programs. Although some Turkish medical schools have developed and implemented EBM training programs, no validated Turkish language assessment tool has been available to compare the effectiveness of these training programs to national or international standards. The aim of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Fresno Test, which is a validated English language tool utilized worldwide in the assessment of EBM training.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional validation study, which was performed in two stages: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Fresno Test into Turkish; and evaluation of the psychometric properties, validity, reliability and responsiveness, of the Turkish version of the Fresno Test.ResultsThe content validity of the test was evaluated by experienced physicians in the field of Evidence-Based Medicine, and the content validity index was 1.00. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.78 on the post-test results. The intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient and the kappa analysis were calculated to evaluate inter-rater reliability. The ICC coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.97 for pre- and post-test results. The Kappa coefficients were 1.00 for all pre-test and post-test questions except one post-test question which was 0.89. The change score of the Fresno Test was used to evaluate responsiveness. The students' score of the Turkish Fresno Test was 49.9 ±18.2 pre-training and 118.9 ±26.3 post-training with a change of 69 points (95% CI, 63.9-74.2). The Cohen's effect size was 3.04 (95% CI, 2.6-3.5) indicating a very large change in scores.ConclusionsThe Turkish adapted Fresno Test used to evaluate students' success and program effectiveness is a valid and reliable measurement tool. It will be of great benefit for the comparison of the effectiveness of Turkish education programs nationally and cross-culturally.
| S-EPMC7793267 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures are being increasingly used to introduce dimensions excluded by normative measures. Consequently, there is a need for an index which evaluates children's OHRQoL validated for Brazilian population, useful for oral health needs assessments and for the evaluation of oral health programs, services and technologies. The aim of this study was to do a cross-cultural adaptation of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) index, and assess its reliability and validity for application among Brazilian children between the ages of eleven and fourteen.MethodsFor cross-cultural adaptation, a translation/back-translation method integrated with expert panel reviews was applied. A total of 342 students from four public schools took part of the study.ResultsOverall, 80.7% of the sample reported at least one oral impact in the last three months. Cronbach's alpha was 0.63, the weighted kappa 0.76, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.79. The index had a significant association with self-reported health measurements (self-rated oral health, satisfaction with oral health, perceived dental treatment needs, self-rated general health; all p < 0.01).ConclusionIt was concluded that the Child-OIDP index is a measure of oral health-related quality of life that can be applied to Brazilian children.
| S-EPMC2553067 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesNeuropathic pain is common in the general population worldwide and Brazil. The painDETECT questionnaire is a notable instrument for screening on neuropathic pain. A Brazilian version of the painDETECT is necessary to broaden the possibilities of identification of neuropathic pain in the Brazilian population for the proper diagnosis and treatment. The current study aimed to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the painDETECT into the Portuguese language of Brazil.MethodsA cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted in 11 stages according to standard procedures. Descriptive statistics were performed. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha test (α).ResultsFour translators, 10 experts, and 30 patients participated in the study. The expert committee adapted five out of nine items (item 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10) to the Brazilian context. The pretesting phase showed good internal consistency (α = 0.74) for the nine items, including the pain pattern and the body chart domains. The Cronbach's α of the instrument with seven descriptor items of pain was 0.83.ConclusionsThe painDETECT was cross-culturally adapted into a Brazilian context and can be used to identify neuropathic components in pain of Brazilian patients.Clinical implicationsPainDETECT is available for Brazilians to identify neuropathic components in pain.
| S-EPMC9373606 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cultural evolution relies on the social transmission of cultural traits along a population's social network. Research indicates that network structure affects information spread and thus the capacity for cumulative culture. However, how network structure itself is driven by population-culture co-evolution remains largely unclear. We use a simple model to investigate how populations negotiate the trade-off between acquiring new skills and getting better at existing skills and how this trade-off shapes social networks. We find unexpected eco-evolutionary feedbacks from culture onto social networks and vice versa. We show that selecting for skill generalists results in sparse networks with diverse skill sets, whereas selecting for skill specialists results in dense networks and a population that specializes on the same few skills on which everyone is an expert. Our model advances our understanding of the complex feedbacks in cultural evolution and demonstrates how individual-level behavior can lead to the emergence of population-level structure.
| S-EPMC6693906 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe use of validated patient reported outcome scores is critical to the reporting and monitoring of the effectiveness of clinical treatment. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally validate the English Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) to Romanian.MethodsApproximately, 125 patients with disorders of the rotator cuff and proximal humerus fractures completed the translated Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS_RO), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) and EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D-5L). The patients repeated the evaluation using the OSS_RO after 2 days.ResultsThe OSS_RO had a high degree of internal consistency and reliability with a Cronbach's ? of 0.954 at the initial completion and 0.945 at the second testing. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 2-way mixed effects model) was 0.953 (single measures) and 0.976 (average), P?<?.001. The OSS_RO was reproducible (Pearson's r?=?0.953; P?<?.001). The OSS_RO was divergently valid with QuickDASH score (Pearson's r?=?-0.633 first and r?=?-0.672 second; P?<?.001) and convergent with the EQ-5D VAS (Pearson's r?=?0.627 first and r?=?0.640 second; P?<?.001) and the EQ-5D Index (Pearson's r?=?0.759 first and r?=?0.771 second; P?<?.001).ConclusionOur study showed that the Romanian translation of the OSS is a reliable, reproducible and valid measure of shoulder function in patients with variable shoulder pathology.
| S-EPMC5999452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimThe upper limb functional index (ULFI) is a widely used self-reported outcome measure questionnaire with robust psychometric properties to assess the upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (UL-MSDs). This study aimed to adapt the ULFI cross-culturally in Arabic (ULFI-Ar) and to examine its face validity, content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, and interpretability.MethodsIn this observational cross-sectional study, the English version of ULFI was cross-culturally adapted to the Arabic language through double forward and backward translations, following the recommended guidelines. Interviews with participants and reviews by experts were used to assess the face and content validity of the prefinal version of ULFI-Ar. Internal consistency was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a). Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating the ULFI-Ar with the Arabic version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH-Arabic) using Pearson's correlation coefficients.ResultsA total of 54 participants reported no major language barriers or difficulties in completing the ULFI-Ar. The participants' interview demonstrated adequate face validity. The review by experts showed that the content validity was excellent (content validity index = 0.81 - 1.00 for each item and 0.96 for the scale). The ULFI-Ar showed high internal consistency (a = 0.88). For criterion validity, there was strong correlation with the DASH-Arabic (r = -0.802, p < 0.0001) and moderate correlation with NPRS-Arabic (r = -0.502, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe ULFI-Ar was easy to complete with no linguistic difficulties. The results demonstrate the suitability of using the ULFI-AR for Arabic-speaking patients with UL-MSD.
| S-EPMC9686146 | biostudies-literature