Fish bone ingestion presenting to a local institution in Singapore.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cheok S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8040917 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:INTRODUCTION:Esophageal perforation (EP) is a rare, severe and challenging surgical emergency which can be caused by several factors. This report presents the case of a patient with EP caused by ingestion of a Tilapia fish bone. PRESENTATION OF CASE:A 41-year-old male patient presented with a six-day history of painful right-sided neck swelling, associated with a progressive dysphagia, regurgitation, fever and chills. Physical examination revealed an axillary temperature of 39?°C and a subcutaneous emphysema in the neck. Cervical spine x-ray and ultrasound scan revealed a neck foreign body with abscess. The case was managed by a right cervicotomy. DISCUSSION:Despite over 20-years of clinical experience in Ghana, this was the first case of EP caused by a 2?cm long Tilapia fish bone, to be treated by the authors. This is significant because tilapia consumption is very popular in Ghana and it would be predicted that such cases would be more common. It is suggested that such cases do occur more frequently but are not reported to hospitals due to cultural-spiritual beliefs. CONCLUSION:Ingestion of Tilapia fish bones can cause significant damage to the esophagus and Tilapia should be consumed with care. Ultrasound is a very useful tool with high diagnostic accuracy for EP. Further studies are needed to establish the prevalence of EP from fish bone ingestion in Ghana and the factors accounting for the mismatch between the high consumption of Tilapia across the population and the low occurrence of patients presenting with EP from fish bone ingestion.
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Project description:Plastic pollution has pervaded almost every facet of the biosphere, yet we lack an understanding of consumption risk by marine species at the global scale. To address this, we compile data from research documenting plastic debris ingestion by marine fish, totaling 171,774 individuals of 555 species. Overall, 386 marine fish species have ingested plastic debris including 210 species of commercial importance. However, 148 species studied had no records of plastic consumption, suggesting that while this evolutionary trap is widespread, it is not yet universal. Across all studies that accounted for microplastics, the incidence rate of plastic ingested by fish was 26%. Over the last decade this incidence has doubled, increasing by 2.4 ± 0.4% per year. This is driven both by increasing detection of smaller sized particles as a result of improved methodologies, as well as an increase in fish consuming plastic. Further, we investigated the role of geographic, ecological, and behavioral factors in the ingestion of plastic across species. These analyses revealed that the abundance of plastic in surface waters was positively correlated to plastic ingestion. Demersal species are more likely to ingest plastic in shallow waters; in contrast, pelagic species were most likely to consume plastic below the mixed layer. Mobile predatory species had the highest likelihood to ingest plastic; similarly, we found a positive relationship between trophic level and plastic ingestion. We also find evidence that surface ingestion-deep sea egestion of microplastics by mesopelagic myctophids is likely a key mechanism for the export of microplastics from the surface ocean to the seafloor, a sink for marine debris. These results elucidate the role of ecology and biogeography underlying plastic ingestion by marine fish and point toward species and regions in urgent need of study.
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Project description:In this study, total mercury content was determined in 84 canned fish corresponding to commonly consumed brands (over 14 different producers), which were purchased from local markets in Poland in the years 2019-2020. For comparison purposes, samples of both the matrix in which the fish were kept along with the seafood samples were measured. The analyses were carried out using the cold vapor AAS technique. Statistical analyses were employed to identify significant differences in mercury content in relation to the selected criteria such as fish species, type of fish (predatory, non-predatory) and the producer brand. The obtained results were compared against domestic and international standards as well as with the literature data in order to evaluate the safety of the canned fish consumption. The study revealed that none of canned fish exceeded the acceptable levels set by the FAO/WHO. The highest amount of Hg was recorded for canned tuna (maximum 351.30 µg/kg, mean 74.38 µg/kg). Further, the estimated tolerable dose of weekly mercury intake suggests that the consumption of over 1.8 cans of fish with the highest mean mercury content should not pose a risk to consumers in Poland according to international standards. Among the ten highest mean results for mercury, five of them belonged to canned tuna (Bonito species) kept in different matrices. These consisted of seven domestic and three imported brands of fish products, which is a worrying message for a local community. Mercury content in predatory fish differed significantly from the results gathered for non-predatory fish and the total amount of mercury in studied canned fish corresponded to their status in the aquatic food chain. Moreover, significant differences were stated between various fish species and fishing areas. Fish caught in the Atlantic Ocean (cod and herring) presented higher mercury content than the ones from closed seas.
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Project description:Acrylamide is a carcinogen that forms in foods processed at high temperatures. In this study, acrylamide contents of 30 local snacks commonly consumed by the three ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) in Singapore were analysed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These snacks were chosen because they were consumed regularly by people of different classes and age groups in Singapore. Our results showed that the average content of acrylamide in Indian snacks (102.23 ng/g) was higher than those in Malay (75.14 ng/g) and Chinese snacks (70.78 ng/g). The high acrylamide levels in several snacks was probably due to the processing methods and the usage of acrylamide-inducing raw materials. Same snacks prepared by different manufacturers contained different levels of acrylamide, suggesting the possibility of acrylamide reduction in these snacks. This study provides an insight into the acrylamide levels of snacks commonly consumed by the three different ethnic groups in Singapore.
| S-EPMC8733551 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.The ingested MPD items were micro-meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.
| S-EPMC8323999 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dibucaine, a potent and toxic local anaesthetic, although currently withdrawn by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use as a spinal anaesthetic, continues to remain available in many over-the-counter topical formulations. Systemic toxicity following oral ingestion of local anaesthetics is rare. We report a case of accidental ingestion of dibucaine (ear drops) in a 7-year-old child who developed diplopia, giddiness, ventricular premature contractions and a right bundle branch block. We also present a brief discussion on the pharmacologic and toxicity profile of dibucaine, the Naranjo algorithm for assessing causality in case of adverse drug reactions and a review of current guidelines on the management of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity.
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Project description:BM adipocytes (BMAd) are a unique cell population derived from BM mesenchymal progenitors and marrow adipogenic lineage precursors. Although they have long been considered to be a space filler within bone cavities, recent studies have revealed important physiological roles in hematopoiesis and bone metabolism. To date, the approaches used to study BMAd function have been confounded by contributions by nonmarrow adipocytes or by BM stromal cells. To address this gap in the field, we have developed a BMAd-specific Cre mouse model to deplete BMAds by expression of diphtheria toxin A (DTA) or by deletion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg). We found that DTA-induced loss of BMAds results in decreased hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers and increased bone mass in BMAd-enriched locations, including the distal tibiae and caudal vertebrae. Elevated bone mass appears to be secondary to enhanced endosteal bone formation, suggesting a local effect caused by depletion of BMAd. Augmented bone formation with BMAd depletion protects mice from bone loss induced by caloric restriction or ovariectomy, and it facilitates the bone-healing process after fracture. Finally, ablation of Pparg also reduces BMAd numbers and largely recapitulates high-bone mass phenotypes observed with DTA-induced BMAd depletion.
| S-EPMC9675472 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fluorosis is still endemic in at least 25 countries around the world. In this study, we investigated the effect of high fluoride intake on fracture healing. Our in vitro experiments found that fluoride inhibited the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of MSCs in a dose-dependent manner. By constructing a bone fracture model, we found that high fluoride intake influences bone fracture by attenuating endochondral ossification and angiogenesis. In the mechanism, we clarified that high fluoride inhibits M2 differentiation rather than M1 differentiation in the fracture area, which may contribute to the delayed healing of the fracture. These findings provide an essential reference for the clinical treatment of bone fracture patients with a history of high fluoride intake or skeletal fluorosis patients.
| S-EPMC9164140 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Intensification of systemic therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) has resulted in improved local control and overall survival (OS) leaving potential for de-escalation of primary site radiotherapy. The utility of primary site de-escalation should be evaluated in the context of potential for successful local-regional salvage. We evaluated salvage strategies and outcomes in patients with HRNB with local-regional recurrence as a component of first failure. METHODS:Twenty of 89 patients with HRNB experienced local-regional recurrence as a component of first relapse after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and stem cell transplant from 1997 to 2013. We reviewed salvage therapy strategies and disease control, and report on the impact of local therapy as salvage for local-regional relapse. RESULTS:Six of 20 patients with local-regional failure (LRF) were alive after a median follow-up of 13 years (range, 0.9-25.2 years). Median OS was 4.6 years (95% CI, 0.6 to not reached) versus 0.6 years (95% CI, 0.05-2.6) after LRF with and without distant failure, respectively (P = 0.03). OS in patients receiving salvage radiotherapy was comparable to those receiving initial adjuvant but no salvage radiotherapy. Time to first failure and death was significantly impacted by the intensity of frontline systemic therapy (P = 0.03). Salvage radiotherapy reduced the hazard for subsequent LRF (hazard ratio 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9, P = 0.04) but not OS (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS:Our study highlights the potential of local control strategies at first failure in patients with LRF when primary site radiotherapy was initially omitted, and delineates potential selection factors which may further improve the therapeutic ratio.
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