Caregiver Burden Varies by Sensory Subtypes and Sensory Dimension Scores of Children with Autism.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hand BN
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8042612 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveCaregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience emotional and psychological distress, as well as disruptions to family life and employment due to the challenges of caring for children with ASD. This study examines the relationship between problem behaviours and caregiver burden among children with ASD.MethodA cross-sectional study using convenience sampling recruited 230 caregivers of children with ASD aged 4 to 18 years from selected autism centres in Kuching, Sarawak. The caregivers completed the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-2 and the Zarit Burden Interview.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in caregiver burden for children with ASD receiving medications (p = 0.013), registered with the Social Welfare Department (p = 0.036), and having siblings with ASD (p = 0.046). About 40% of the children exhibited at least one domain of problem behaviour. More than half of the caregivers (53.9%) experienced burden, with the majority experiencing mild burden. Positive associations were seen between irritability (r = 0.458, p < 0.01), social withdrawal (r = 0.439, p < 0.01), stereotypic behaviour (r = 0.392, p < 0.01), hyperactivity/non-compliance (r = 0.467, p < 0.01), and caregiver burden. Child factors, including the duration of problem behaviour (r = 0.182, p = 0.007), medication use (eta = 0.187, p = 0.005), Social Welfare Department registration (eta = 0.138, p = 0.036), and the presence of siblings with ASD (eta = 0.130, p = 0.046) were associated with caregiver burden. Multiple linear regression showed that hyperactivity/noncompliance significantly predicted caregiver burden.ConclusionSpecific problem behaviours in children with ASD were associated with caregiver burden. These results highlight the need for interventions for the child with ASD and their caregivers.
| S-EPMC10642943 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition defined by differences in social communication and by the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities (RRBs). Individuals with autism also commonly present with atypical patterns of sensory responsiveness (i.e., hyporesponsiveness, hyperresponsiveness, and sensory seeking), which are theorized to produce cascading effects across other domains of development. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in sensory responsiveness in children with and without autism (ages 8-18 years), as well as relations between patterns of sensory responsiveness and core and related features of autism. Participants were 50 children with autism and 50 non-autistic peers matched on age and sex. A comprehensive clinical battery included multiple measures of sensory responsiveness, core features of autism, adaptive behavior, internalizing behaviors, cognitive ability, and language ability. Groups significantly differed on all three patterns of sensory responsiveness. Some indices of core and related autism features were robustly associated with all three patterns of sensory responsiveness (e.g., RRBs), while others were more strongly associated with discrete patterns of sensory responsiveness (i.e., internalizing problem behaviors and hyperresponsiveness, language and sensory seeking). This study extends prior work to show that differences in sensory responsiveness that are linked with core and related features of autism persist in older children and adolescents on the spectrum.
| S-EPMC7690864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sensory integration (SI) issues are widely described in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), impacting in their daily life and occupations. To improve their quality of life and occupational performance, we need to improve clinical and educational evaluation and intervention processes. We aim to develop a tool for measuring SI issues for Spanish children and adolescents with ASD diagnosis, to be used as a complementary tool to complete the Rivière's Autism Spectrum Inventory, a widely used instrument in Spanish speaking places to describe the severity of ASD symptoms, recently updated with a new sensory scale with three dimensions. 458 Spanish participants complemented the new questionnaire, initially formed by 73 items with a 1-5 Likert scale. The instrument finally was composed of 41 items grouped in three factors: modulation disorders (13 items), discrimination disorders (13 items), and sensory-based motor disorders (15 items). The goodness-of-fit indices from factor analyses, reliability, and the analysis of the questionnaire's classification capability offered good values. The new questionnaire shows good psychometric properties and seems to be a good complementary tool to complete new the sensory scale in the Rivière's Autism Spectrum Inventory.
| S-EPMC7699787 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Social motivation is a foundational construct with regard to the etiology, neurobiology, and phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multiple theories suggest that early emerging alterations to social motivation underlie a developmental cascade of social and communication deficits across the lifespan. Despite this significance, methods to measure social motivation vary widely, with little data to date as to how different measures might compare. In this study, we explore three existing caregiver-report measures that have been proposed to quantify social motivation among school-age children with ASD (n = 18; all male) and without ASD (n = 36; 50% female), with the broad goal of characterizing social motivation across measures and specific aims of investigating (a) diagnostic and sex differences in social motivation, (b) correspondence between measures, and (c) relationships between social motivation and broader social outcomes. Across all three measures, individuals with ASD had lower social motivation by caregiver-report. However, they did display individual differences in the degree of social motivation reported. There were no differences in social motivation between males and females without ASD on any of the three measures. For the full sample, measures of social motivation correlated with one another as anticipated, and stronger social motivation was associated with stronger social skills and fewer social difficulties. Our data suggest that social motivation among children with ASD may be best conceptualized as an individual difference that is diminished on average relative to peers but which varies among children and adolescents with ASD, rather than as an absolute absence or uniform deficit. LAY SUMMARY: Several theories suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience less social motivation than their peers without ASD, contributing to difficulties in social skills. Based on multiple caregiver-report questionnaires, social motivation was reduced on average for school-age children with ASD but also varied among children with ASD. Stronger social motivation was related to stronger social skills and fewer social problems. Future work should include more girls with ASD, consider social motivation across age groups, and include first-hand perspectives from people with ASD.
| S-EPMC8954038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lay abstractMulti-sensory environments, often called sensory rooms, are widely used with autistic children. However, we know very little about how autistic children choose to spend their time in multi-sensory environments. We also do not know how their equipment preferences relate to their individual characteristics such as their sensory differences, level of ability or general autistic behaviours. We measured the frequency and duration of visits to multi-sensory environment equipment of 41 autistic children during 5 min of free play. The bubble tube and touch, sound and light board were both highly popular, with the fibre optics and tactile board receiving less attention. The children displayed significantly more sensory seeking behaviours in the multi-sensory environment than sensory-defensive behaviours. These sensory seeking behaviours, as well as the sensory behaviours that their parents reported they showed in daily life, were associated with specific patterns of multi-sensory environment equipment use. Non-verbal ability was also associated with multi-sensory environment equipment use, but broader autistic behaviours were not. Our findings show that the multi-sensory environment equipment preferences of autistic children are related to individual differences in sensory behaviours and non-verbal ability. This information could be useful for teachers and other practitioners who want to know how best to use multi-sensory environments with autistic children.
| S-EPMC10913295 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study explores the differences in the profile of relationships between sensory processing and attention abilities among children with sensory processing disorder (SPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and typically developing (TD) children. The Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch), a performance-based measure of attention, was administered to 69 children (TD: n = 24; SPD: n = 21; ASD: n = 24), ages 6-10 years. All participants' parents completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), a standardized parent-report measure of sensory-related behaviors. Discriminant analyses using the TEA-Ch and the SSP domains revealed two classification functions; the first revealed that both clinical groups significantly differed from the TD group with greater sensory processing challenges in the categories of auditory filtering, under-responsive/seeks sensation, low energy/weak, and taste/smell sensitivity subscales of the SSP. The second function discriminated between the two clinical groups, indicating that children with ASD had significantly greater control and sustained attention deficits and less sensory issues than did children with SPD. Together, the two functions correctly classified 76.8% of the participants as to their group membership. The different profiles of sensory processing and attention abilities in children with SPD and ASD may provide guidance in identifying appropriate individualized therapeutic strategies for these children.
| S-EPMC7214749 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo validate the Caregiver-Perceived Burden Questionnaire (CPBQ) and report its psychometric properties.MethodsThe CPBQ was administered to caregivers of patients with moderate-to-severe AD in a double-blind randomized trial comparing extended-release memantine to placebo (n = 676). Measurement properties were analyzed using factor analysis, classical test theory, and Rasch analysis.ResultsTwo subscales were identified: the Caregivers' Assessment of the Patient (CAP) and the Caregivers' Assessment of Themselves (CAT). The reliability was .89 (CAP) and .83 (CAT). The CAP scores were significantly correlated (r > .3) with scores from the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The CAT scores were significantly correlated with NPI scores. The CAT discriminated among patients by clinician-rated severity and significantly differentiated between responders and nonresponders.ConclusionThe CPBQ appears to be a reliable, valid, and responsive measure that enables linking caregiver's perceptions about burden and patient function in patients with moderate-to-severe AD.
| S-EPMC10697400 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives:To establish the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) in patients with Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS), which is characterized by the abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or restricted eating and at least two additional psychiatric symptoms. Parents of patients with PANS have reported high caregiver burden. However, no validated instrument of burden exists for this population. Methods:Study took place at a community-based PANS clinic where the CBI is administered as part of routine clinical care. The first CBI available during an active disease flare was analyzed (N?=104). Construct validity was evaluated within a confirmatory factor analytic framework. Associations between the CBI and patient/family characteristics were explored, and preliminary normative data for this population are presented. Results:Item-factor loadings were strong, and the overall fit of the model was good (root mean square error of approximation?=?.061). Strict/metric measurement invariance was demonstrated across age. The mean Total Score in this sample was 36.72?±?19.84 (interquartile range 19-53). Total Scores on the CBI were significantly elevated for parents of children who switched schools because of their illness (Cohen's d?=?0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-1.22) and for those who had reduced work hours to accommodate the child's illness (Cohen's d?=?0.65, 95% CI 0.10-1.20). However, in this relatively high-status sample, socioeconomic variables did not predict Total Scores. Conclusions:Parents of patients with PANS experience high caregiver burden. The CBI may be confidently used to assess caregiver burden in this population.
| S-EPMC6054236 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUnusual responses to sensory stimuli are considered a diagnostic symptom of autism spectrum disorder with mounting research efforts put towards understanding, characterizing, and treating such symptoms.MethodsThis paper examines self and caregiver report tools used to measure sensory features in ASD through a systematic review of the psychometric evidence for their use. A total of 31 empirical papers were reviewed across 20 assessment tools. Substantial differences were identified in the specific sensory features defined across assessment tools. Sensory assessment questionnaires were evaluated against quality psychometric evidence criteria to provide a use recommendation.ResultsFive assessments were identified to be "appropriate with conditions," while no sensory assessment tools were identified to have sufficient quality psychometric evidence to provide a recommendation of "Appropriate" for measuring sensory features in ASD.ConclusionEvidence from this review highlights potentially significant shortcomings among the current methods used to measure sensory features in ASD and suggests the need for more efforts in developing psychometrically sound sensory assessment tools for use in ASD populations.
| S-EPMC9875408 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Assessment of anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) most commonly includes parent questionnaires. However, due to the nature of the questions and verbal limitations often present in children with ASD, caregivers may have difficulty completing such measures. Caregivers of 144 children with ASD ages 6 to 12 completed the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4 ASD Anxiety Scale and rated their level of confidence in responding to each item. Results indicated that parents had a moderate to high level of confidence in rating their children's anxiety symptoms. Parent confidence was not influenced by their child's age, expressive language ability, or intellectual functioning, but was related to their child's anxiety symptom count and ASD severity.
| S-EPMC8818806 | biostudies-literature