The Role of Individual and Neighborhood Factors on Racial Disparity in Respiratory Outcomes. Won't You Be My Neighbor?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Quint JK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8048744 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Friendship is a common and essential social relationship in daily life. Various works of literature have described friendship including how it is experienced in various contexts, yet limited studies have focused on the neighborhood context. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of neighborhood friendship and the characteristics of friendship that make it still relevant, especially in Indonesia. This study was conducted in two phases: 1) an online survey with an open-ended questionnaire and 2) in-depth interviews. A total of 222 participants completed the questionnaire and among those, 15 participants were interviewed to further understand the relevance of neighborhood friendship based on the emerging themes from the open-ended responses. This study found that neighborhood friendship is still relevant despite physical distance. Those relevancies are perceived in the three main characteristics of friendship: support, closeness, and history of relations. This study also found that the essence of friendship is not only discussed in a romantic view which highlights intimacy and closeness, but also in an instrumental view. However, support as an instrumental process may indicate the expressions of closeness, especially in close friendships. Furthermore, this study also suggests that although proximity characterized by physical interaction is crucial in the formation and maintenance of neighborhood friendship, physical distance and social mobility did not dissolve the relationship, due to the history of relations. In the neighborhood context, the history of relations bond people to a certain place and the social relationship formed in that particular place, stimulating certain feelings of belonging which encourage the maintenance of neighborhood friendship. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42087-022-00283-w.
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Project description:We have demonstrated that the miR-182 level, in addition to being significantly increased in colon cancer compared to adjacent normal colon tissue, is also significantly increased in African American(AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) colon cancer. Since miR-182 has been previously associated with decreased survival in colon cancer patients and with increased liver metastases, this observation supports the concept that biological differences between AA and CA colon cancers may contribute to AA disparities in colon cancer survival. We aimed to identify miRNAs that were associated with effects of both tumor and race by generating Agilent miRNA expression profiles on paired colon cancer and adjacent normal colon collected from AA and CA colon cancer subjects. For the 30 paired Stony Brook University (SBU) colon cancer and adjacent normal colon samples, attempts were made to control for other covariates such as age, colon cancer location, stage, BMI and smoking in the selection of the CA samples . However no attempt was made to control for the other covariates in the 30 paired Washington University (WU) colon cancer and adjacent normal colon samples.
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2023-09-15 | GSE223795 | GEO
Project description:Genetic mutations and metabolic reprogramming are two key hallmarks of cancer, required for proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the disease. While genetic mutations, whether inherited or acquired, are critical for the initiation of tumor development, metabolic reprogramming is an effector mechanism imperative for adaptational transition during the progression of cancer. Recent findings in the literature emphasize the significance of molecular cross-talk between these two cellular processes in regulating signaling and differentiation of cancer cells. Genome-wide sequencing analyses of cancer genomes have highlighted the association of various genic mutations in predicting cancer risk and survival. Oncogenic mutational frequency is heterogeneously distributed among various cancer types in different populations, resulting in varying susceptibility to cancer risk. In this review, we explore and discuss the role of genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes and metabolic oncoregulators to stratify cancer risk in persons of different racial backgrounds.
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Project description:Selection due to survival or attrition might bias estimates of racial disparities in health, but few studies quantify the likely magnitude of such bias. In a large national cohort with moderate loss to follow-up, we contrasted racial differences in 2 stroke risk factors, incident hypertension and incident left ventricular hypertrophy, estimated by complete-case analyses, inverse probability of attrition weighting, and the survivor average causal effect. We used data on 12,497 black and 17,660 white participants enrolled in the United States (2003-2007) and collected incident risk factor data approximately 10 years after baseline. At follow-up, 21.0% of white participants and 23.0% of black participants had died; additionally 22.0% of white participants and 28.4% of black participants had withdrawn. Individual probabilities of completing the follow-up visit were estimated using baseline demographic and health characteristics. Adjusted risk ratio estimates of racial disparities from complete-case analyses in both incident hypertension (1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.21) and incident left ventricular hypertrophy (1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.24) were virtually identical to estimates from inverse probability of attrition weighting and survivor average causal effect. Despite racial differences in mortality and attrition, we found little evidence of selection bias in the estimation of racial differences for these incident risk factors.
| S-EPMC6395161 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionSouth Africa is moving into a new era of HIV treatment with "treat all" policies where people may be on treatment for most of their lives. We need to understand treatment outcomes and facilitators of long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and retention-in-care in the South African context. In one of the first studies to investigate long-term treatment outcomes in South Africa, we aimed to describe ten-year patient outcomes at a large public-sector HIV clinic in Johannesburg and explore patient experiences of the treatment programme over this time in order to ascertain factors that may aid or hinder long-term adherence and retention.MethodsWe conducted a cohort analysis (n = 6644) and in-depth interviews (n = 24) among HIV-positive adults initiating first-line ART between April 2004 and March 2007. Using clinical records, we ascertained twelve-month and ten-year all-cause mortality and loss to follow-up (LTF). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify baseline predictors of attrition (mortality and LTF (>3 months late for the last scheduled visit)) at twelve months and ten years. Twenty-four patients were purposively selected and interviewed to explore treatment programme experiences over ten years on ART.ResultsExcluding transfers, 79.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 78.5 to 80.5) of the cohort were alive, in care at twelve months dropping to 35.1% (95% CI: 33.7 to 36.4) at ten years. Over 44% of deaths occurred within 12 months. Ten-year all-cause mortality increased, while LTF decreased slightly, with age. Year and age at ART initiation, sex, nationality, baseline CD4 count, anaemia, body mass index and initiating regimen were predictors of ten-year attrition. Among patients interviewed, the pretreatment clinic environment, feelings of gratitude and good fortune, support networks, and self-efficacy were facilitators of care; side effects, travel and worsening clinical conditions were barriers. Participants were generally optimistic about their futures and were committed to continued care.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the complexities of long-term chronic HIV treatment with declining all-cause mortality and increasing LTF over ten years. Barriers to long-term retention still present a significant challenge. As more people become eligible for ART in South Africa under "treatment for all," new healthcare delivery challenges will arise; interventions are needed to ensure long-term programme successes continue.
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Project description:We have demonstrated that the miR-182 level, in addition to being significantly increased in colon cancer compared to adjacent normal colon tissue, is also significantly increased in African American(AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) colon cancer. Since miR-182 has been previously associated with decreased survival in colon cancer patients and with increased liver metastases, this observation supports the concept that biological differences between AA and CA colon cancers may contribute to AA disparities in colon cancer survival.
2015-06-25 | GSE48267 | GEO