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“My Neighbor, My Friend": The Relevance of Support, Closeness, and History of Relations in Neighborhood Friendship

ABSTRACT: Friendship is a common and essential social relationship in daily life. Various works of literature have described friendship including how it is experienced in various contexts, yet limited studies have focused on the neighborhood context. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of neighborhood friendship and the characteristics of friendship that make it still relevant, especially in Indonesia. This study was conducted in two phases: 1) an online survey with an open-ended questionnaire and 2) in-depth interviews. A total of 222 participants completed the questionnaire and among those, 15 participants were interviewed to further understand the relevance of neighborhood friendship based on the emerging themes from the open-ended responses. This study found that neighborhood friendship is still relevant despite physical distance. Those relevancies are perceived in the three main characteristics of friendship: support, closeness, and history of relations. This study also found that the essence of friendship is not only discussed in a romantic view which highlights intimacy and closeness, but also in an instrumental view. However, support as an instrumental process may indicate the expressions of closeness, especially in close friendships. Furthermore, this study also suggests that although proximity characterized by physical interaction is crucial in the formation and maintenance of neighborhood friendship, physical distance and social mobility did not dissolve the relationship, due to the history of relations. In the neighborhood context, the history of relations bond people to a certain place and the social relationship formed in that particular place, stimulating certain feelings of belonging which encourage the maintenance of neighborhood friendship.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42087-022-00283-w.

SUBMITTER: Minza W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8967377 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundInterpretation of a diagnostic test result requires knowing what proportion of patients with a "similar" result has the condition in question. This information is often not readily available from the medical literature, or may be based on different clinical populations that make it nonapplicable. In certain settings, where correlated screening parameters and diagnostic data are available in electronic medical records, a representation of diagnostic test performance on "patients like my patient" can be obtained.ObjectiveWe sought to integrate patient demographic and physician practice information using a simplified nearest neighbor algorithm. We used this method to illustrate the relationship between tTG IgA test result and duodenal biopsy for celiac disease in a local diagnostic context.ParticipantsWe used a data set of 1,461 paired tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA and definitive duodenal biopsy results from Intermountain Healthcare with data on patient age and ordering physician specialty. This was split into a discovery set of 1,000 and a validation set of 461 paired results.Main measuresAccuracy of the local discovery data set in predicting probability of positive duodenal biopsy and confidence intervals around predicted probability in the test data compared to probabilities of positive biopsy implied from published logistic regression and from published sensitivity and specificity studies.Key resultsThe near-neighbor method could estimate probability of clinical outcomes with predictive performance equivalent to other methods while adjusting probability estimates and confidence intervals to fit specific clinical situations.ConclusionsData from clinical encounters obtained from electronic medical records can yield prediction estimates that are tailored to the individual patient, local population, and healthcare delivery processes. Local analysis of diagnostic probability may be more clinically meaningful than probabilities inferred from published studies. This local utility may come at the expense of external validity and generalizability.

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“My Neighbor, My Friend": The Relevance of Support, Closeness, and History of Relations in Neighborhood Friendship

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