Dataset Information

Effect of parental smoking on their children's urine cotinine level in Korea: A population-based study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Children may be exposed to tobacco products in multiple ways if their parents smoke. The risks of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) are well known. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental smoking and the children's cotinine level in relation to restricting home smoking, in Korea.

Methods

Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Health Examination Survey data from 2014 to 2017, we analyzed urine cotinine data of parents and their non-smoking children (n = 1,403), in whose homes parents prohibited smoking. We performed linear regression analysis by adjusting age, sex, house type, and household income to determine if parent smoking was related to the urine cotinine concentration of their children. In addition, analysis of covariance and Tukey's post-hoc tests were performed according to parent smoking pattern.

Finding

Children's urine cotinine concentrations were positively associated with those of their parents. Children of smoking parents had a significantly higher urine cotinine concentration than that in the group where both parents are non-smokers (diff = 0.933, P < .0001); mothers-only smoker group (diff = 0.511, P = 0.042); and fathers-only smoker group (diff = 0.712, P < .0001). In the fathers-only smoker group, the urine cotinine concentration was significantly higher than that in the group where both parents were non-smoker (diff = 0.221, P < .0001), but not significantly different compared to the mothers-only smoker group (diff = - -0.201, P = 0.388). Children living in apartments were more likely to be exposed to smoking substances.

Conclusion

This study showed a correlation between parents' and children's urine cotinine concentrations, supporting the occurrence of home smoking exposure due to the parents' smoking habit in Korea. Although avoiding indoor home smoking can decrease the children's exposure to tobacco, there is a need to identify other ways of smoking exposure and ensure appropriate monitoring and enforcement of banning smoking in the home.

SUBMITTER: Park MB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8049314 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionSecondhand smoke (SHS) is common in older adults; however, its cognitive effect is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between serum cotinine level and cognitive functioning among non-smoking older adults.Materials and methodsA total of 2,703 older adults aged 60 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey 2011-2014 were included. Serum cotinine level was analyzed in the laboratory. A level ≤10 ng/ml and a response of "no" to the question "Do you currently smoke?" were used to select non-smokers. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed recall tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between serum cotinine level quartile and test-specific and global cognition z scores adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking history, prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and systolic blood pressure.ResultsAbout half of the participants (mean age 70.5 years) were female (53.6%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (50.2%). Multivariate linear regressions with a reference group being those in the 1st quantile (lowest) showed that participants in the 4th quartile (highest) of serum cotinine level had lower immediate recall [β = -0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.29, -0.03], AFT (β = -0.19, 95% CI = -0.33, -0.05), DSST (β = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.39, -0.15), and global cognition (β = -0.26, 95% CI = -0.39, -0.14) z scores. Participants in the 3rd quartile had lower immediate recall (β = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.30, -0.02) and global cognition (β = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.29, -0.02) z scores. Participants in the 2nd quartile had lower delayed recall z scores (β = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.29, -0.02).ConclusionHigher serum cotinine level was associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults. Prevention and reduction of SHS in older adults may help protect their cognitive functioning.