Project description:The genome of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain NR-28537 was sequenced by a hybrid approach utilizing an Oxford Nanopore Technologies R9 flow cell and an Illumina MiSeq platform. De novo assembly of the resulting long and short reads produced a single-contig whole-genome sequence.

| S-EPMC7729420 | biostudies-literature

BEI Inactivated Vaccine Induces Innate and Adaptive Responses and Elicits Partial Protection upon Reassortant Betanodavirus Infection in Senegalese Sole.

Project description:Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), is one of the most threatening viruses affecting marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. Senegalese sole is a promising fish species in Mediterranean aquaculture but also highly susceptible to NNV and VER outbreaks, that puts its farming at risk. The development of vaccines for aquaculture is one of best tools to prevent viral spread and sudden outbreaks, and virus inactivation is the simplest and most cost-effective method available. In this work, we have designed two inactivated vaccines based on the use of formalin or binary ethylenimine (BEI) to inactivate a reassortant NNV strain. After vaccination, the BEI-inactivated vaccine triggered the production of specific IgM-NNV antibodies and stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses at transcriptional level (rtp3, mx, mhcii and tcrb coding genes). Moreover, it partially improved survival after an NNV in vivo challenge, reducing the mid-term viral load and avoiding the down-regulation of immune response post-challenge. On the other hand, the formalin-inactivated vaccine improved the survival of fish upon infection without inducing the production of IgM-NNV antibodies and only stimulating the expression of herc4 and mhcii genes (in head-kidney and brain, respectively) during the vaccination period; this suggests that other immune-related pathways may be involved in the partial protection provoked. Although these vaccines against NNV showed encouraging results, further studies are needed to improve sole protection and to fully understand the underlying immune mechanism.

| S-EPMC8147993 | biostudies-literature

Bromoethylindole (BEI-9) redirects NF-?B signaling induced by camptothecin and TNF? to promote cell death in colon cancer cells.

Project description:Chemotherapeutic regimens containing camptothecin (CPT), 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin are used to treat advanced colorectal cancer. We previously reported that an indole derivative, 3-(2-bromoethyl)indole (BEI-9), inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells and suppressed NF-?B activation. Here, we show that a combination of BEI-9 with either CPT or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) enhances cell death. Using colorectal cancer cells, we examined the activation of NF-?B by drugs, the potential of BEI-9 for inhibiting drug-induced NF-?B activation, and the enhancement of cell death by combination treatments. Cells were treated with the chemotherapeutic drugs alone or in combination with BEI-9. NF-?B activation, cell cycle profiles, DNA-damage response, markers of cell death signaling and targets of NF-?B were evaluated to determine the effects of single and co-treatments. The combination of BEI-9 with CPT or TNF? inhibited NF-?B activation and reduced the expression of NF-?B-responsive genes, Bcl-xL and COX2. Compared to CPT or BEI-9 alone, sequential treatment of the cells with CPT and BEI-9 significantly enhanced caspase activation and cell death. Co-treatment with TNF? and BEI-9 also caused more cytotoxicity than TNF? or BEI-9 alone. Combined BEI-9 and TNF? enhanced cell death through caspase activation and cleavage of the switch-protein, RIP1 kinase. BEI-9 reduced the expression of COX2 both alone and in combination with CPT or TNF. We postulate that BEI-9 enhances the effects of these drugs on cancer cells by turning off or redirecting NF-?B signaling. Therefore, the combination of BEI-9 with drugs that activate NF-?B needs to be evaluated for clinical applications.

| S-EPMC6005376 | biostudies-literature

Nicht-medikamentose Moglichkeiten der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin bei chronischer Fatigue Non — pharmacological options in traditional Chinese medicine for chronic fatigue

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9584235 | biostudies-literature

Generation and Starch Characterization of Non-Transgenic BEI and BEIIb Double Mutant Rice (Oryza sativa) with Ultra-High Level of Resistant Starch.

Project description:BackgroundCereals high in resistant starch (RS) are gaining popularity, as their intake is thought to help manage diabetes and prediabetes. Number of patients suffering from diabetes is also increasing in Asian countries where people consume rice as a staple food, hence generation of practically growable high RS rice line has been anticipated. It is known that suppression of starch branching enzyme (BE) IIb increases RS content in cereals. To further increase RS content and for more practical use, we generated a non-transgenic be1 be2b double mutant rice (Oryza sativa) line, which completely lacked both proteins, by crossing a be1 mutant with a be2b mutant.ResultsThe be1 be2b mutant showed a decrease in intermediate amylopectin chains and an increase in long amylopectin chains compared with be2b. The amylose content of be1 be2b mutant (51.7%) was the highest among all pre-existing non-transgenic rice lines. To understand the effects of chewing cooked rice and cooking rice flour on RS content, RS content of mashed and un-mashed cooked rice as well as raw and gelatinized rice flour were measured using be1 be2b and its parent mutant lines. The RS contents of mashed cooked rice and raw rice flour of be1 be2b mutant (28.4% and 35.1%, respectively) were 3-fold higher than those of be2b mutant. Gel-filtration analyses of starch treated with digestive enzymes showed that the RS in be1 be2b mutant was composed of the degradation products of amylose and long amylopectin chains. Seed weight of be1 be2b mutant was approximately 60% of the wild type and rather heavier than that of be2b mutant.ConclusionsThe endosperm starch in be1 be2b double mutant rice were enriched with long amylopectin chains. This led to a great increase in RS content in cooked rice grains and rice flour in be1 be2b compared with be2b single mutant. be1 be2b generated in this study must serve as a good material for an ultra-high RS rice cultivar.

| S-EPMC7788159 | biostudies-literature

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