Small RNA sequencing reveals distinct nuclear microRNAs in pig granulosa cells during ovarian follicle growth.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Toms D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8059229 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. In the past decade, studies on miRNAs in ovaries have revealed the key roles of miRNAs in ovarian development and function. In this review, we first introduce the development of follicular atresia research and then summarize genome-wide studies on the ovarian miRNA profiles of different mammalian species. Differentially expressed miRNA profiles during atresia and other biological processes are herein compared. In addition, current knowledge on confirmed functional miRNAs during the follicular atresia process, which is mostly indicated by granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, is presented. The main miRNA families and clusters, including the let-7 family, miR-23-27-24 cluster, miR-183-96-182 cluster and miR-17-92 cluster, and related pathways that are involved in follicular atresia are thoroughly summarized. A deep understanding of the roles of miRNA networks will not only help elucidate the mechanisms of GC apoptosis, follicular development, atresia and their disorders but also offer new diagnostic and treatment strategies for infertility and other ovarian dysfunctions.
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Project description:Antral follicle size might be a valuable additive predictive marker for IVF outcome. However, while some studies show positive relations between follicle size and reproductive outcome, others have not been successful in establishing this relation. To better understand consequences of antral follicle size for reproductive outcome, we aimed to obtain insight in follicle size-related granulosa cell processes, as granulosa cells play an essential role in follicular development via the production of growth factors, steroids and metabolic intermediates, needed for follicular growth and oocyte development. Using pigs as a model, we compared gene and protein expression in granulosa cells of smaller and larger follicles in the healthy antral follicle pool at the start of the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. In sows, the early antral follicle pool is very heterogeneous when e.g. size and steroid content of the follicular fluid are considered. To which extent this variety contributes to the developmental competence of the follicles is not clear. Therefore, sows with high variation in antral follicle size (HighVAR) as well as sows with low variation in antral follicle size (LowVAR) were used. Granulosa cells of smaller antral follicles in the healthy antral follicle pool show increased cell proliferation, which was accompanied by a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis (i.e. the Warburg effect), similar to other highly proliferating cells. High granulosa cell proliferation rates in smaller follicles might be regulated via increased granulosa cell expression of AR and EGFR which are activated in response to locally produced mitogens. While granulosa cells of smaller follicles in the pool were more proliferative, indicative of higher follicular growth, granulosa cells of larger follicles in the pool showed less proliferation and were more differentiated, as they showed a higher expression of follicular maturation marker IGF1 and ANGPT1. Our results imply that the inclusion of strict criteria of antral follicle size in IVF protocols might improve reproductive outcome. In addition, we have granulosa cell gene expression of healthy follicles to unravel underlying mechanisms of differences in COC morphology. We compared gene expression in sows with low vs. high-COC-health and found a decreased expression of genes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis (e.g. CYP19A1, ADM, SPP1) and higher expression of genes involved in follicular atresia (e.g. GADD45A, INHBB) in sows with low-COC-health. Thereby we have identified several genes which may serve as markers for follicle developmental competence.
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Project description:RAC1 belongs to the small G protein Rho subfamily and is implicated in regulating gene expression, cell proliferation and differentiation in mammals and humans; nevertheless, the function of RAC1 in growth and development of hen ovarian follicles is still unclear. This study sought to understand the biological effects of RAC1 on granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and differentiation of hen ovarian prehierarchical follicles. Firstly, our results showed expression levels of RAC1 mRNA in the follicles with diameters of 7.0-8.0 mm, 6.0-6.9 mm and 1.0-3.9 mm were greater than other follicles (p < 0.05). The RAC1 protein was mainly expressed in oocyte and its around GCs and stromal tissues of the prehierarchical follicles by immunohistochemistry. Further investigation revealed the RAC1 gene remarkably enhanced the mRNA and protein expression levels of FSHR (a marker of follicle selection), CCND2 (a marker of cell-cycle progression and GC differentiation), PCNA (a marker of GC proliferation), StAR and CYP11A1 (markers of GC differentiation and steroidogenesis) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our data demonstrated siRNA interference of RAC1 significantly reduced GC proliferation (p < 0.05), while RAC1 gene overexpression enhanced GC proliferation in vitro (p < 0.05). Collectively, this study provided new evidence that the biological effects of RAC1 on GC proliferation, differentiation and steroidogenesis of chicken ovary follicles.
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2014-05-20 | E-GEOD-39589 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Granulosa cells mature and die as ovarian follicles enlarge and die (undergo atresia) under the influence of hormones and intrafollicular factors. Later in follicular development, a fluid-filled antrum is formed, a process which is accompanied by a high rate of atresia. These small antral follicles (5 mm or less in diameter in the cow) contain granulosa of 2 different phenotypes, rounded or columnar, whereas follicles larger than 5 mm have the rounded phenotype only. Prior to ovulation, in larger follicles greater than 10 mm in size, the granulosa begin to migrate and differentiate in preparation for oocyte release and formation of the corpus luteum. These two key phases of follicular development were studied by gene expression microarray analysis using a bovine model to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes.
2014-05-20 | GSE39589 | GEO
Project description: Not available
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