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A Self-Healing Flexible Quasi-Solid Zinc-Ion Battery Using All-In-One Electrodes.

ABSTRACT: Self-healing and flexibility are significant for many emerging applications of secondary batteries, which have attracted broad attention. Herein, a self-healing flexible quasi-solid Zn-ion battery composing of flexible all-in-one cathode (VS₂ nanosheets growing on carbon cloth) and anode (electrochemically deposited Zn nanowires), and a self-healing hydrogel electrolyte, is presented. The free-standing all-in-one electrodes enable a high capacity and robust structure during flexible transformation of the battery, and the hydrogel electrolyte possesses a good self-healing performance. The presented battery remains as a high retention potential even after healing from being cut into six pieces. When bending at 60°, 90°, and 180°, the battery capacities remain 124, 125, and 114 mAh g^-1, respectively, cycling at a current density of 50 mA g^-1. Moreover, after cutting and healing twice, the battery still delivers a stable capacity, indicating a potential use of self-healing and wearable electronics.

SUBMITTER: Liu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8061350 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A new synthetic method to grow O-deficient rutile TiO2(s) nanorods (NRs) and nanowires (NWs) by a vapor-solid reaction growth method is developed. TiCl4(g) was employed to react with commercially supplied CaTiO3(s) (size 2-4 ?m) at 973 K under atmospheric pressure to generate TiO2(s) NRs (diameters 80-120 nm, lengths 1-4 ?m). The reaction employing TiCl4(g) and CaO(s) at 973 K also generated CaTiO3(s) (size 4-13 ?m) as the intermediate which reacted further with TiCl4(g) to produce NWs (diameters 80-120 nm, lengths 4-15 ?m). This is the first report of 1D rutile TiO2(s) nanostructure with such a high aspect ratio. Both of the NRs and the NWs, with compositions TiO1.81 and TiO1.65, respectively, were single crystals grown in the [001] direction. Their morphology was affected by the reaction temperature, the concentration of TiCl4(g), and the particle size of CaTiO3(s). The NRs and the NWs were investigated as anode materials for Li+-ion batteries. At constant current rates 1, 2, and 5 C (1 C = 170 mA g-1) for 100 cycles, the cycling (1.0-3.0 V) performance data of the NRs were 146, 123, and 104 mA h g-1, respectively. On the other hand, the cycling performance data of the NWs were 120, 80, and 52 mA h g-1, respectively. This is attributed to the high Li+ ion diffusion rate (D Li+ ) of the NRs (29.52 × 10-15 cm2 s-1), which exceeds that of the NWs (8.61 × 10-15 cm2 s-1). Although the [001] growth direction of the NR crystals would provide the fastest channels for the diffusion of Li+ ions and enhance the battery capacity, the extremely long channels in the NWs could hamper the diffusion of the Li+ ions. The O-deficiency in the structure would increase the conductivity of the electrode material and improve the stable cycling stability of the batteries also. The long-term cycling test at 2 C for the battery constructed from the NRs retained 121 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles and 99.2 mA h g-1 after 800 cycles. The device has an excellent long-term cycling stability with a loss of only 0.04% per cycle.

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A Self-Healing Flexible Quasi-Solid Zinc-Ion Battery Using All-In-One Electrodes.

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