Sigmoidal Dependence of Electrical Conductivity of Thin PEDOT:PSS Films on Concentration of Linear Glycols as a Processing Additive.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jeong HJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8071320 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:We have for the first time found that completely insulating Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) significantly enhance electrical conductivity of PEDOT/PSS films by simply mixing. Based on this accident finding we have created highly porous and conductive PEDOT/PSS films hybridized with the HNTs. Through further optimization of the mixing condition we have obtained flexible and conductive hybrid films with high specific surface area. Based on experimental evidences we proposed a plausible mechanism of the phenomenon where the PEDOT/PSS colloidal particle with particle size of several tens nanometers well pack at the nano-channels into well-ordered structures of PEDOT/PSS particles, which show conductivity as higher as several order of magnitude than that of PEDOT/PSS particles in outside of the HNTs.
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Project description:The conducting polymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most important and intensively investigated organic conducting materials. The PEDOT:PSS water dispersions with various concentrations of poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) solution (PSSAS) were synthesized by 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in the presence of water. The fabrication of the solvent-treated PEDOT:PSS films through spin coating and solvent treatment processes was achieved with a solvent of pure water mixed with acetone (or MeOH, EtOH) in a ratio of 50:50. Moreover, both the organic solvent and water have synergetic effects while the PSS and PEDOT-attached PSS segments will form a coil-like and a linear (or extended-coil) structure, respectively. That may induce a stacking of the linear and planar PEDOT-attached PSS segments, which favors the formation of a crystalline phase. Finally, the maximum electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS thin films with solvent treatment was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Furthermore, we aimed to explain the synergetic effects of phase separation of the PEDOT:PSS thin films by both the organic solvent and water.
| S-EPMC6401880 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nowadays, ductile and conducting polymeric materials are highly utilizable in the realm of stretchable organic electronics. Here, mechanically ductile and electrically conducting free-standing films are fabricated by blending different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), diethylene glycol (DEG) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and salts such as silver nitrate (AgNO3), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), copper chloride (CuCl2) and indium chloride (InCl3) with the homogeneous solution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through solution casting method. The presence of salt modifies the PEDOT conformation from benzoid to quinoid, and induces the evolution of different morphologies. ZnCl2 or AgNO3 blended films have lower surface roughness and good miscibility with polymers, while CuCl2 or InCl3 blended films have relatively higher surface roughness as well as irregularly distributed surface morphology. Some crystalline domains are also formed due to the salt agglomeration. The presence of salt inside PEDOT:PSS/PVA/solvent system changes the current-voltage response from non-linear to linear. Among all the films, zinc salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO, PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DEG and PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMF films have higher conductivity, and zinc salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DEG film shows the highest conductivity of 0.041 ± 0.0014 S cm-1, while silver salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO, PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DEG and PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMF films have higher elongation at break, and silver salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO film shows the highest elongation at break of 670 ± 31%. Both the charge carriers, i.e., electrons and ions, contribute to the electrical conduction, and the presence of hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions among PEDOT+, PSS-, PVA, residual solvent, salt cations and anions modifies the film behaviours. Among all the films, ZnCl2 blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO film offers relatively superior behaviours having higher conductivity (0.025 ± 0.0013 S cm-1) and elongation at break (517 ± 15%), and therefore can have potential applications in the fields of wearable devices, bioelectronics, etc.
| S-EPMC10851924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The integration of the pristine not-doped commercial poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) PH1000 with eumelanin, the brown to black kind of melanin pigment, was achieved by dissolving the melanogenic precursors 2-carboxy-5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHICA) in the PH1000 suspension. Solid state oxidative polymerization of the catecholic indole allowed obtaining the ternary blend PEDOT:PSS/eumelanin. The introduction of DHICA into PH1000 produced a noticeable increase in the conductivity of PEDOT thin films akin to that produced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment, opening up novel strategies for the simultaneous integration of eumelanin polymer and conductivity enhancement of PEDOT containing coatings, as well as the long term goal of replacing PSS by DHICA eumelanin for PEDOT pairing.
| S-EPMC7254328 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Air-stable, lightweight, and electrically conductive polymers are highly desired as the electrodes for next-generation electronic devices. However, the low electrical conductivity and low carrier mobility of polymers are the key bottlenecks that limit their adoption. We demonstrate that the key to addressing these limitations is to molecularly engineer the crystallization and morphology of polymers. We use oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) and hydrobromic acid treatment as an effective tool to achieve such engineering for conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). We demonstrate PEDOT thin films with a record-high electrical conductivity of 6259 S/cm and a remarkably high carrier mobility of 18.45 cm2 V-1 s-1 by inducing a crystallite-configuration transition using oCVD. Subsequent theoretical modeling reveals a metallic nature and an effective reduction of the carrier transport energy barrier between crystallized domains in these thin films. To validate this metallic nature, we successfully fabricate PEDOT-Si Schottky diode arrays operating at 13.56 MHz for radio frequency identification (RFID) readers, demonstrating wafer-scale fabrication compatible with conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The oCVD PEDOT thin films with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and high carrier mobility show great promise for novel high-speed organic electronics with low energy consumption and better charge carrier transport.
| S-EPMC6140612 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biomaterials able to promote neuronal development and neurite outgrowth are highly desired in neural tissue engineering for the repair of damaged or disrupted neural tissue and restoring the axonal connection. For this purpose, the use of either electroactive or micro- and nanostructured materials has been separately investigated. Here, the use of a nanomodulated conductive poly(3,4-ethylendioxithiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) substrate that exhibits instructive topographical and electrical cues at the same time was investigated for the first time. In particular, thin films featuring grooves with sizes comparable with those of neuronal neurites (NanoPEDOT) were fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of PEDOT/PSS on a nanomodulated polycarbonate template. The ability of NanoPEDOT to support neuronal development and direct neurite outgrowth was demonstrated by assessing cell viability and proliferation, expression of neuronal markers, average neurite length, and direction of neuroblastoma N2A cells induced to differentiate on this novel support. In addition to the beneficial effect of the nanogrooved topography, a 30% increase was shown in the average length of neurites when differentiating cells were subjected to an electrical stimulation of a few microamperes for 6 h. The results reported here suggest a favorable effect on the neuronal development of the synergistic combination of nanotopography and electrical stimulation, supporting the use of NanoPEDOT in neural tissue engineering to promote physical and functional reconnection of impaired neural networks.
| S-EPMC10755694 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We reported on the interaction between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and high-boiling-point additives in PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersions and in the final polymer films with the aim of stablishing correlations between the structure of both inks and solid thin films. By Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) using synchrotron radiation, it was found that the structural changes of dispersions of PEDOT:PSS with high-boiling-point additives can be explained as a two-step mechanism depending on the additive concentration. A compaction of PEDOT:PSS grains was observed at low concentrations while a swelling of the grains together with a phase segregation between PEDOT and PSS segments was evidenced at larger concentrations. Thin films' morphology and structure were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and synchrotron Grazing Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) respectively. Our two-step model provides an explanation for the small and sharp domains of PEDOT:PSS thin films observed for low-additive concentrations (first step) and larger domains and roughness found for higher-additive concentrations (second step). A reduction of the ratio of PSS in PEDOT:PSS thin films upon the presence of additives was also observed. This can be related to a thinning of the PSS shells of PEDOT:PSS grains in the dispersion. The results discussed in this work provide the basis for a controlled tuning of PEDOT:PSS thin films structure and the subsequent electrical properties.
| S-EPMC8747737 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) employing conductive polymers (CPs) have gained remarkable prominence and have undergone extensive advancements in wearable and implantable bioelectronic applications in recent years. Among the diverse arrays of CPs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a common choice for the active-layer channel in p-type OECTs, showing a remarkably high transconductance for the high amplification of signals in biosensing applications. This investigation focuses on the novel engineering of PEDOT:PSS composite materials by seamlessly integrating several additives, namely, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS), and a nonionic fluorosurfactant (NIFS), to fine-tune their electrical conductivity, self-healing capability, and stretchability. To elucidate the intricate influences of the DMSO, GOPS, and NIFS additives on the formation of PEDOT:PSS composite films, theoretical calculations were performed, encompassing the solubility parameters and surface energies of the constituent components of the NIFS, PEDOT, PSS, and PSS-GOPS polymers. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive array of material analyses, which reveal the intricacies of the phase separation phenomenon and its interaction with the materials' characteristics. Our research identified the optimal composition for the PEDOT:PSS composite films, characterized by outstanding self-healing and stretchable capabilities. This composition has proven to be highly effective for constructing an active-layer channel in the form of OECT-based biosensors fabricated onto polydimethylsiloxane substrates for detecting dopamine. Overall, these findings represent significant progress in the application of PEDOT:PSS composite films in wearable bioelectronics and pave the way for the development of state-of-the-art biosensing technologies.
| S-EPMC10958448 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) plays a key role in the field of electrically conducting materials, despite its poor solubility and processability. Various molecules and polymers carrying sulfonic groups can be used to enhance PEDOT's electrical conductivity. Among all, sulfonated polyarylether sulfone (SPAES), prepared via homogenous synthesis with controlled degree of sulfonation (DS), is a very promising PEDOT doping agent. In this work, PEDOT was synthesized via high-concentration solvent-based emulsion polymerization using 1% w/w of SPAES with different DS as dopant. It was found that the PEDOT:SPAESs obtained have improved solubility in the chosen reaction solvents, i.e., N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and, for the first time, the role of doping agent, DS and polymerization solvents were investigated analyzing the electrical properties of SPAESs and PEDOT:SPAES samples and studying the different morphology of PEDOT-based thin films. High DS of SPAES, i.e., 2.4 meq R-SO3-× g-1 of polymer, proved crucial in enhancing PEDOT's electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the DMSO capability to favor PEDOT and SPAES chains rearrangement and interaction results in the formation of a polymer film with more homogenous morphology and higher conductivity than the ones prepared from DMAc, DMF, and NMP.
| S-EPMC7926741 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ability to culture and differentiate neural stem cells (NSCs) to generate functional neural populations is attracting increasing attention due to its potential to enable cell-therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown that electrical stimulation improves neuronal differentiation of stem cells populations, highlighting the importance of the development of electroconductive biocompatible materials for NSC culture and differentiation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we report the use of the conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS CLEVIOS P AI 4083) for the manufacture of conductive substrates. Two different protocols, using different cross-linkers (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) and divinyl sulfone (DVS) were tested to enhance their stability in aqueous environments. Both cross-linking treatments influence PEDOT:PSS properties, namely conductivity and contact angle. However, only GOPS-cross-linked films demonstrated to maintain conductivity and thickness during their incubation in water for 15 days. GOPS-cross-linked films were used to culture ReNcell-VM under different electrical stimulation conditions (AC, DC, and pulsed DC electrical fields). The polymeric substrate exhibits adequate physicochemical properties to promote cell adhesion and growth, as assessed by Alamar Blue® assay, both with and without the application of electric fields. NSCs differentiation was studied by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study demonstrates that the pulsed DC stimulation (1 V/cm for 12 days), is the most efficient at enhancing the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
| S-EPMC7928331 | biostudies-literature