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Activities of Quinoxaline, Nitroquinoxaline, and [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline Analogs of MMV007204 against Schistosoma mansoni.

ABSTRACT: The reliance on one drug, praziquantel, to treat the parasitic disease schistosomiasis in millions of people a year shows the need to further develop a pipeline of new drugs to treat this disease. Recently, an antimalarial quinoxaline derivative (MMV007204) from the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Malaria Box demonstrated promise against Schistosoma mansoni In this study, 47 synthesized compounds containing quinoxaline moieties were first assayed against the larval stage of this parasite, newly transformed schistosomula (NTS); of these, 16 killed over 70% NTS at 10 µM. Further testing against NTS and adult S. mansoni yielded three compounds with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀s) of ≤0.31 µM against adult S. mansoni and selectivity indices of ≥8.9. Administration of these compounds as a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight to S. mansoni -infected mice yielded only moderate worm burden reduction (WBR) (9.3% to 46.3%). The discrepancy between these compounds' good in vitro activities and their poor in vivo activities indicates that optimization of their pharmacokinetic properties may yield compounds with greater bioavailabilities and better antischistosomiasis activities in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Debbert SL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8092513 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling study of novel 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines and 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazines.

Project description:Different novel 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines and 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazines have been obtained from heterocyclization of 3-substituted-4-amino-5-substituted-amino-1,2,4-triazoles (3a-d) and 3-substituted-4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazoles (9a,b) with (α and β) bifunctional compounds like chloromethyl biphenyl-phosphanoxide, pyruvic acid, phenacyl bromide, diethyl oxalate, triethyl orthoformate, triethyl phosphite, fluorinated benzaldehydes, carbon disulfide and ethyl chloroformate under different experimental settings. Fourier transformer infrared analysis (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), as well as that of the mass spectral data, were used as the appropriate characterization techniques for the chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds. The newly prepared compounds were examined as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial agents (against E. coli (Escherichia coli) and P. aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as examples for Gram-negative bacteria and S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) as examples for Gram-positive bacteria), as well as antifungal (against C. albicans (Candida albicans)) agents. The newly prepared compound showed high antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities in comparing with the commercial antibiotics Indomethacin, Nalidixic acid, Imipenem, and Nystatin. Docking of the most active compounds was performed depending on the results of antibacterial screening and the anti-inflammatory assay.

| S-EPMC7145827 | biostudies-literature

[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]phthalazines: inhibitors of diverse bromodomains.

Project description:Bromodomains are gaining increasing interest as drug targets. Commercially sourced and de novo synthesized substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]phthalazines are potent inhibitors of both the BET bromodomains such as BRD4 as well as bromodomains outside the BET family such as BRD9, CECR2, and CREBBP. This new series of compounds is the first example of submicromolar inhibitors of bromodomains outside the BET subfamily. Representative compounds are active in cells exhibiting potent cellular inhibition activity in a FRAP model of CREBBP and chromatin association. The compounds described are valuable starting points for discovery of selective bromodomain inhibitors and inhibitors with mixed bromodomain pharmacology.

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Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Lapatinib Derived Analogs against Schistosoma mansoni.

Project description:We recently reported a series of compounds for a solubility-driven optimization campaign of antitrypanosomal compounds. Extending a parasite-hopping approach to the series, a subset of compounds from this library has been cross-screened for activity against the metazoan flatworm parasite, Schistosoma mansoni. This study reports the identification and preliminary development of several potently bioactive compounds against adult schistosomes, one or more of which represent promising leads for further assessment and optimization.

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Project description:The title compound, C(12)H(15)N(5)O, features a triazolyl ring fused with a seven-membered triazepinyl ring; the latter ring adopts a boat conformation with the allyl-bearing C atom as the prow and the C and N fused-ring atoms as the stern.

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Project description:In the title salt, C7H8N3 (+)·BF4 (-), the 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridinium cation is planar [maximum deviation of 0.016?(2)?Å for all non-H atoms]. The cation and anion constitute a tight ionic pair with an F?N [2.911?(4)?Å] inter-molecular attractive inter-action. The ionic pairs form dimers via stacking inter-actions between inversion-related cations, the normal distance between the cation planes being 3.376?(5)?Å. The dimers are packed in stacks along the a axis and linked via C-H?F hydrogen bond, forming a three-dimensional network.

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Pyrido[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazines as Selective, Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) Inhibitors.

Project description:A novel series of pyrido[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazines is reported as potent PDE2/PDE10 inhibitors with drug-like properties. Selectivity for PDE2 was obtained by introducing a linear, lipophilic moiety on the meta-position of the phenyl ring pending from the triazole. The SAR and protein flexibility were explored with free energy perturbation calculations. Rat pharmacokinetic data and in vivo receptor occupancy data are given for two representative compounds 6 and 12.

| S-EPMC4360147 | biostudies-literature

6-Chloro-3-(3-methyl-phen-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine.

Project description:The title compound, C(12)H(9)ClN(4), was prepared from dichloro-pyridazine and tolyl-tetra-zole in a nucleophilic biaryl coupling followed by thermal ring transformation. The mol-ecule is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.036?Å) and an intra-molecular C-H?N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, the mol-ecules form dimers connected via ?-? inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.699?(2)?Å], which are further connected to neighbouring mol-ecules via C-H-N bonds. The bond lengths in the pyridazine ring system indicate a strong localization of the double bonds and there is a weak C-Cl bond [1.732?(3)?Å].

| S-EPMC3201469 | biostudies-literature

Discovery and evaluation of novel synthetic 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carbox-amide derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.

Project description:To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesised, and evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects using RAW264.7 cells. Structures of the synthesised compounds were determined using 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. All the compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity based on their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO release. Among them, 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide (6p) showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity and inhibited NO release more potently than the lead compound D1. Further studies revealed that compound 6p reduced the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, and that its anti-inflammatory activity involves the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS and downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal pathway. Notably, compound 6p displayed more prominent anti-inflammatory activity than D1 and the positive control ibuprofen in the in vivo acute inflammatory model. Overall, these findings indicate that compound 6p is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation.

| S-EPMC6853232 | biostudies-literature

Crystal structure of 6,9-dimethyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazepin-8(9H)-one 0.40-hydrate.

Project description:In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C7H9N5O·0.40H2O, the seven-membered heterocyclic ring exhibits a boat conformation, whereas the five-membered triazole ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 Å). In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimers are linked by pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into dimers, which are further connected via O-H⋯N and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The structure contains a partially occupied water mol-ecule lying on a twofold axis with an occupancy factor of 0.4.

| S-EPMC4331897 | biostudies-literature

Ethyl 5-methyl-7-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxyl-ate.

Project description:In the title compound, C15H14N4O2, the triazolo-pyrimidine ring system is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.02?Å) and the phenyl ring is inclined to its mean plane by 42.45?(9)°. The carboxyl group is inclined to the triazolo-pyrimidine ring mean plane by 57.8?(3)°. In the mol-ecule, there is a short C-H?O contact involving the carbonyl O atom and an H atom of the adjacent methyl substituent. In the crystal, neighbouring mol-ecules are linked by C-H?O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [010]. There are also weak ?-? inter-actions present involving the pyridine and phenyl rings of neighbouring chains [inter-centroid distance = 3.8580?(16)?Å].

| S-EPMC4051068 | biostudies-literature

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