An evaluation of live porcine simulation training for robotic surgery.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Raison N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8134281 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) training is widely used for surgical training, supported by comprehensive, high-quality validation. Technological advances have enabled the development of procedural-based VR training. This study assesses the effectiveness of procedural VR compared to basic skills VR in minimally invasive surgery.Methods26 novice participants were randomised to either procedural VR (n = 13) or basic VR simulation (n = 13). Both cohorts completed a structured training programme. Simulator metric data were used to plot learning curves. All participants then performed parts of a robotic radical prostatectomy (RARP) on a fresh frozen cadaver. Performances were compared against a cohort of 9 control participants without any training experience. Performances were video recorded and assessed blindly using GEARS post hoc.ResultsLearning curve analysis demonstrated improvements in technical skill for both training modalities although procedural training was associated with greater training effects. Any VR training resulted in significantly higher GEARS scores than no training (GEARS score 11.3 ± 0.58 vs. 8.8 ± 2.9, p = 0.002). Procedural VR training was found to be more effective than both basic VR training and no training (GEARS 11.9 ± 2.9 vs. 10.7 ± 2.8 vs. 8.8 ± 1.4, respectively, p = 0.03).ConclusionsThis trial has shown that a structured programme of procedural VR simulation is effective for robotic training with technical skills successfully transferred to a clinical task in cadavers. Further work to evaluate the role of procedural-based VR for more advanced surgical skills training is required.
| S-EPMC8599326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Robotic surgery has expanded rapidly over the past two decades and is in widespread use among the surgical subspecialties. Clinical applications in plastic surgery have emerged gradually over the last few years. One of the promising applications is robotic-assisted microvascular anastomosis. Here the authors first describe a process by which an assessment instrument they developed called the Structured Assessment of Robotic Microsurgical Skills (SARMS) was validated. The instrument combines the previously validated Structured Assessment of Microsurgical Skills (SAMS) with other skill domains in robotic surgery. Interrater reliability for the SARMS instrument was excellent for all skill areas among four expert, blinded evaluators. They then present a process by which the learning curve for robotic-assisted microvascular anastomoses was measured and plotted. Ten study participants performed five robotic microanastomoses each that were recorded, deidentified and scored. Trends in SARMS scores were plotted. All skill areas and overall performance improved significantly for each participant over the five microanastomotic sessions, and operative time decreased for all participants. The results showed an initial steep ascent in technical skill acquisition followed by more gradual improvement, and a steady decrease in operative times for the cohort. Participants at all levels of training, ranging from minimal microsurgical experience to expert microsurgeons gained proficiency over the course of five robotic sessions.
| S-EPMC3946019 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionRobotic surgery is a method of minimally invasive surgery performed through small incisions using a remote robotic console. Surgical residents and attendings participate in simulation training to be able to effectively perform robotic surgery using wet labs, dry labs and virtual reality platforms. Our objective is to identify the effectiveness of robotic simulation on novice robotic surgeons. This review will answer our review question: To what extent are robotic simulations for training novice robotic general surgery residents and attendings associated with improved outcomes in comparison with no simulation training?Methods and analysisA comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science was performed. The studies were then determined to meet initial screening criteria by one individual for abstract and title with full text screening performed by two authors independently and in duplicate. Narrative themes will be collected, analysed and summarised where possible.Ethics and disseminationThere is no Institutional Review Board approval required given that the work is carried out on previously published papers. The final manuscript and results will be presented and published at an academic conference and peer -reviewed journal.Prospero registration numberCRD42021274090.
| S-EPMC9198707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWhile surgical simulation is regularly used in surgical training in high-income country settings, it is uncommon in low- and middle-income countries, particularly for surgical training that primarily occurs in rural areas. We designed and evaluated a novel surgical simulator for improving trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery training, given that trichiasis is mostly found among the poorest individuals in rural areas.Methodology/principal findingsTT surgery programs were invited to incorporate surgical simulation with a new, high fidelity, low-cost simulator into their training. Trainees completed standard TT-surgery training following World Health Organization guidelines. A subset of trainees received three hours of supplemental training with the simulator between classroom and live-surgery training. We recorded the time required to complete each surgery and the number of times the trainer intervened to correct surgical steps. Participants completed questionnaires regarding their perceptions. We also assessed trainer and trainee perceptions of surgical simulation training as part of trichiasis surgery training. 22 surgeons completed standard training and 26 completed standard training plus simulation. We observed 1,394 live-training surgeries. Average time to first live-training surgery completion was nearly 20% shorter the simulation versus the standard group (28.3 vs 34.4 minutes; p = 0.02). Trainers intervened significantly fewer times during initial live-training surgeries in the simulation group (2.7 vs. 4.8; p = 0.005). All trainers indicated the simulator significantly improved training by allowing trainees to practice safely and to identify problem areas before performing live-training surgeries. Trainees reported that simulation practice improved their confidence and skills prior to performing live-training surgeries.ConclusionsA single high-fidelity surgical simulation session can significantly improve critical aspects of initial TT surgeries.
| S-EPMC10112793 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Robotic Surgery is getting widely spread and applied to more and more clinical cases due to its advantages compared to open surgery, for both the patients and surgeons. However, Robotic Surgery requires a different set of skills and learning compared to open and also laparoscopic surgery. Tele-operation for a robotic system with hand controllers, the delay in the hand commands to be translated into robotic movements, slowness of the robotic movements, remote 2D or 3D vision of the actual operation, and lack of haptic feedback are some of the challenges that Robotic Surgery poses. Surgeons need to go through an intensive training for Robotic Surgery, and the learning and skill development continues throughout their early professional years. Despite the importance of training for Robotic Surgery, there are not yet dedicated, low-cost, and widespread training platforms; rather, surgeons mostly train with the same Robotic Surgery system they use in surgery; hence institutions need to invest on a separate surgical setup for training purposes. This is expensive for the institutions, it provides very limited access to the surgeons for training, and very limited, if any, access to researchers for experimentation. To address these, we have developed in our laboratory a low-cost, and experimental Robotic Surgery Trainer. This setup replicates the challenges that a Robotic Surgery system poses and further provides widespread access through internet connected control of the actual physical system. The overall system is composed of equipment that a standard engineering laboratory can afford. In this paper, we introduce the Robotic Surgery Training System and explain its development, parts, and functionality.
| S-EPMC8841469 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAs of the most recent surveys of resident programs in 2018, only slightly more than half of programs have formal robotic training curriculums implemented. Fewer programs have further assessed their own curriculum and its benefit.MethodWe conducted a PubMed/MEDLINE literature search for robotic surgery curriculums and those that had assessment of their programs.ResultsA total of 11 studies were reviewed. When reviewed in chronological order, there has been a progression towards more robotic specific objective data analysis as opposed to subjective surveying. There is a wide variation in curriculums, but simulation use is pervasive.ConclusionsOur review makes evident two important concepts-there is great variety in training curriculums and there is great benefit in implementation. The importance is in establishment of what makes resident training effective and supports the adaptable and successful surgeon. This may come from an adaptable curriculum but a structured test-out assessment.
| S-EPMC10481177 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIncreasing technico-manual complexity of procedures and time constraints necessitates effective neurosurgical training. For this purpose, both screen- and model-based simulations are under investigation. Approaches including 3D printed brains, gelatin composite models, and virtual environments have already been published. However, quality of brain surgery simulation is limited due to discrepancies in visual and haptic experience. Similarly, virtual training scenarios are still lacking sufficient real-world resemblance. In this study, we introduce a novel simulator for realistic neurosurgical training that combines real brain tissue with 3D printing and augmented reality.MethodsBased on a human CT scan, a skull base and skullcap were 3D printed and equipped with an artificial dura mater. The cerebral hemispheres of a calf's brain were placed in the convexity of the skullcap and tumor masses composed of aspic, water, and fluorescein were injected in the brain. The skullcap and skull base were placed on each other, glued together, and filled up with an aspic water solution for brain fixation. Then, four surgical scenarios were performed in the operating room as follows: (1) simple tumor resection, (2) complex tumor resection, (3) navigated biopsy via burr hole trepanation, and (4) retrosigmoidal craniotomy. Neuronavigation, augmented reality, fluorescence, and ocular-as well as screen-based (exoscopic)-surgery were available for the simulator training. A total of 29 participants performed at least one training scenario of the simulator and completed a 5-item Likert-like questionnaire as well as qualitative interviews. The questionnaire assessed the realism of the tumor model, skull, and brain tissue as well as the capability for training purposes.ResultsVisual and sensory realism of the skull and brain tissue were rated,"very good," while the sensory and visual realism of the tumor model were rated "good." Both overall satisfaction with the model and eligibility of the microscope and neurosurgical instruments for training purposes were rated with "very good." However, small size of the calf's brain, its limited shelf life, and the inability to simulate bleedings due to the lack of perfusion were significant drawbacks.ConclusionThe combination of 3D printing and real brain tissue provided surgical scenarios with very good real-life resemblance. This novel neurosurgical model features a versatile setup for surgical skill training and allows for efficient training of technological support like image and fluorescence guidance, exoscopic surgery, and robotic technology.
| S-EPMC7360639 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe learning curve associated with robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) is a hurdle for new programs to achieve optimal results. Since early analysis, robotic training has recently expanded, and the RPD approach has been refined. The purpose of this study is to examine RPD outcomes for surgeons who implemented a new program after receiving formal RPD training to determine if such training reduces the learning curve.MethodsOutcomes for consecutive patients undergoing RPD at a single tertiary institution were compared to optimal RPD benchmarks from a previously reported learning curve analysis. Two surgical oncologists with formal RPD training performed all operations with one surgeon as bedside assistant and the other at the console.ResultsForty consecutive RPD operations were evaluated. Mean operative time was 354 ± 54 min, and blood loss was 300 ml. Length of stay was 7 days. Three patients (7.5%) underwent conversion to open. Pancreatic fistula affected five patients (12.5%). Operative time was stable over the study and lower than the reported benchmark. These RPD operative outcomes were similar to reported surgeon outcomes after the learning curve.ConclusionThis study suggests formal robotic training facilitates safe and efficient adoption of RPD for new programs, reducing or eliminating the learning curve.
| S-EPMC7902319 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Minimally invasive surgery is rapidly becoming the desired surgical standard, especially for pediatric patients. Infants and children are a particular technical challenge, however, because of the small size of target anatomical structures and the small surgical workspace. Computer-assisted robot-enhanced surgical telemanipulators may overcome these challenges by facilitating surgery in a small workspace. We studied the feasibility of performing robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a porcine model of the human infant neck. The study design was a prospective, feasibility pilot study of a small cohort for proof of concept and for a survival model. Sixteen non-survival piglets weighing 4.5-10 kg were used to develop the surgical approach and operative technique. Eight piglets aged 3-6 weeks old and weighing 4.0-9.1 kg underwent survival thyroidectomy by a cervical endoscopic approach using the Zeus surgical robot, which includes the Aesop endoscope holder and "Microwrist" microdissecting instruments. We succeeded in performing endoscopic robotic neck surgery on a piglet as small as 4 kg, in an operative pocket as small as 2 cm(3). Total incision length for all three ports was ≤23 mm. There were no major complications, no major robotic instrument malfunctions or breakages, and no procedures required conversion to open surgery. These results support the feasibility of robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a neck the size of a human infant's.
| S-EPMC4677346 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRobotic suturing training is in increasing demand and can be done using suture-pads or robotic simulation training. Robotic simulation is less cumbersome, whereas a robotic suture-pad approach could be more effective but is more costly. A training curriculum with crossover between both approaches may be a practical solution. However, studies assessing the impact of starting with robotic simulation or suture-pads in robotic suturing training are lacking.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled crossover trial conducted with 20 robotic novices from 3 countries who underwent robotic suturing training using an Intuitive Surgical® X and Xi system with the SimNow (robotic simulation) and suture-pads (dry-lab). Participants were randomized to start with robotic simulation (intervention group, n = 10) or suture-pads (control group, n = 10). After the first and second training, all participants completed a robotic hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) in biotissue. Primary endpoint was the objective structured assessment of technical skill (OSATS) score during HJ, scored by two blinded raters. Secondary endpoints were force measurements and a qualitative analysis. After training, participants were surveyed regarding their preferences.ResultsOverall, 20 robotic novices completed both training sessions and performed 40 robotic HJs. After both trainings, OSATS was scored higher in the robotic simulation-first group (3.3 ± 0.9 vs 2.5 ± 0.8; p = 0.049), whereas the median maximum force (N) (5.0 [3.2-8.0] vs 3.8 [2.3-12.8]; p = 0.739) did not differ significantly between the groups. In the survey, 17/20 (85%) participants recommended to include robotic simulation training, 14/20 (70%) participants preferred to start with robotic simulation, and 20/20 (100%) to include suture-pad training.ConclusionSurgical performance during robotic HJ in robotic novices was significantly better after robotic simulation-first training followed by suture-pad training. A robotic suturing curriculum including both robotic simulation and dry-lab suturing should ideally start with robotic simulation.
| S-EPMC11362386 | biostudies-literature