Taxonomic Identity of Carpinus dayongina Franchet (Betulaceae).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: He Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8134416 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:A new species Carpinus tibetana Z. Qiang Lu & J. Quan Liu from southeast Tibet is described and illustrated. The specimens of this new species were previously identified and placed under C. monbeigiana Hand.-Mazz. or C. mollicoma Hu. However, the specimens from southeast Tibet differ from those of C. monbeigiana from other regions with more lateral veins (19-24 vs 14-18) on each side of the midvein and dense pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface, while from those of C. mollicoma from other regions differ by nutlet with dense resinous glands and glabrous or sparsely villous at apex. Principal Component Analyses based on morphometric characters recognise the Tibetan populations as a separate group. Nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence variations show stable and distinct genetic divergences between the Tibetan populations and C. monbeigiana or C. mollicoma by two or three fixed nucleotide mutations. Phylogenetic analysis also identified three respective genetic clusters and the C. mollicoma cluster diverged early. In addition, the Tibetan populations show a disjunct geographic isolation from the other two species. Therefore, C. tibetana, based on the Tibetan populations, is here erected as a new species, distinctly different from C. monbeigiana and C. mollicoma.
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Project description:The complete chloroplast genome of Carpinus tibetana was a circular DNA molecule of 158,762 bp in length, containing a large single copy region (LSC) of 87,825 bp and small single copy region (SSC) of 18,797 bp, which were separated by a pair of 26,071 bp and 26,069 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs). The all GC content of C. tibetana chloroplast genome was 36.47%. It encoded totally 127 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. The chloroplast genome of C. tibetana will provide useful genetic information for future conservation genetics and phylogenetic studies.
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Project description:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae) is an octoploid, ecologically important, common tree species in European woodlands. We established 11 nuclear microsatellite loci allowing for detailed analyses of genetic diversity and structure. METHODS AND RESULTS:A microsatellite-enriched library was used to develop primers for 11 microsatellite loci that revealed high allele numbers and genetic diversity in a preliminary study. CONCLUSIONS:All of the loci developed here are informative for C. betulus. In addition, the loci are transferable to several species within the genus, and almost all loci cross-amplified in species of different genera of the Betulaceae.
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Project description:Based on consulting original literature, the examination of specimens, and field investigations, Didymostigma trichanthera is shown to be conspecific with Henckelia anachoreta. Therefore, Didymostigma trichanthera is formally treated as a synonym of Henckelia anachoreta here.
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Project description:Reconciling the degree to which ecological processes are generalizable among taxa and ecosystems, or contingent on the identity of interacting species, remains a critical challenge in ecology. Ecological stoichiometry (EST) and metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) are theoretical approaches used to evaluate how consumers mediate nutrient dynamics and energy flow through ecosystems. Recent theoretical work has explored the utility of these theories, but empirical tests in species-rich ecological communities remain scarce. Here we use an unprecedented dataset collected from fishes and dominant invertebrates (n = 900) in a diverse subtropical coastal marine community (50 families, 72 genera, 102 species; body mass range: 0.04-2,597 g) to test the utility of EST and MTE in predicting excretion rates of nitrogen (E(N)), phosphorus (E(P)), and their ratio (E(NP)). Body mass explained a large amount of the variation in EN and EP but not E(NP). Strong evidence in support of the MTE 3/4 allometric scaling coefficient was found for E(P), and for E(N) only after accounting for variation in excretion rates among taxa. In all cases, including taxonomy in models substantially improved model performance, highlighting the importance of species identity for this ecosystem function. Body nutrient content and trophic position explained little of the variation in E(N), E(P), or E(NP), indicating limited applicability of basic predictors of EST. These results highlight the overriding importance of MTE for predicting nutrient flow through organisms, but emphasize that these relationships still fall short of explaining the unique effects certain species can have on ecological processes.
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Project description:One of the greatest challenges in microbial ecology remains to link the metabolic activity of individual cells to their taxonomic identity and localization within environmental samples. Here we combined mass-spectrometric imaging (MSI) through (matrix-assisted) laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MSI ([MA]LDI-TOF/MSI) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to monitor antibiotic production in the defensive symbiosis between beewolf wasps and 'Streptomyces philanthi' bacteria. Our results reveal similar distributions of the different symbiont-produced antibiotics across the surface of beewolf cocoons, which colocalize with the producing cell populations. Whereas FISH achieves single-cell resolution, MSI is currently limited to a step size of 20-50 μm in the combined approach because of the destructive effects of high laser intensities that are associated with tighter laser beam focus at higher lateral resolution. However, on the basis of the applicability of (MA)LDI-MSI to a broad range of small molecules, its combination with FISH provides a powerful tool for studying microbial interactions in situ, and further modifications of this technique could allow for linking metabolic profiling to gene expression.
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Project description:P.tristis is an ectomycorrhizal, corticioid fungus whose name is frequently assigned to collections of basidiomata as well as root tip and soil samples from a wide range of habitats and hosts across the northern hemisphere. Despite this, its identity is unclear; eight heterotypic taxa have in major reviews of the species been considered synonymous with or morphologically similar to P.tristis, but no sequence data from type specimens have been available. With the aim to clarify the taxonomy, systematics, morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of P.tristis and its morphologically similar species, we studied their type specimens as well as 147 basidiomata collections of mostly North European material. We used gene trees generated in BEAST 2 and PhyML and species trees estimated in STACEY and ASTRAL to delimit species based on the ITS, LSU, Tef1? and mtSSU regions. We enriched our sampling with environmental ITS sequences from the UNITE database. We found the P.tristis group to contain 13 molecularly and morphologically distinct species. Three of these, P.tristis, P.umbrina and P.atrofusca, are already known to science, while ten species are here described as new: P.sciastra sp. nov., P.tristoides sp. nov., P.umbrinascens sp. nov., P.pinophila sp. nov., P.alnophila sp. nov., P.alobata sp. nov., P.pluriloba sp. nov., P.abundiloba sp. nov., P.rotundispora sp. nov. and P.media sp. nov. We discovered P.rhizopunctata and P.atrofusca to form a sister clade to all other species in P.tristis s.l. These two species, unlike all other species in the P.tristis complex, are dimitic. In this study, we designate epitypes for P.tristis, P.umbrina and Hypochnopsisfuscata and lectotypes for Auriculariaphylacteris and Thelephorabiennis. We show that the holotype of Hypochnussitnensis and the lectotype of Hypochnopsisfuscata are conspecific with P.tristis, but in the absence of molecular information we regard Pseudotomentellalongisterigmata and Hypochnusrhacodium as doubtful taxa due to their aberrant morphology. We confirm A.phylacteris, Tomentellabiennis and Septobasidiumarachnoideum as excluded taxa, since their morphology clearly show that they belong to other genera. A key to the species of the P.tristis group is provided. We found P.umbrina to be a common species with a wide, Holarctic distribution, forming ectomycorrhiza with a large number of host species in habitats ranging from tropical forests to the Arctic tundra. The other species in the P.tristis group were found to be less common and have narrower ecological niches.
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Project description:To elucidate the taxonomy of the Lecanorchis nigricans Honda, 1931 species complex, the present study investigated the detailed morphology of three L. nigricans varieties in Japan. While L. nigricans var. patipetala Y.Sawa, 1980 and L. nigricans var. yakusimensis T.Hashim., 1990 have often been treated as synonyms of L. nigricans var. nigricans, the present study demonstrates that the three varieties are morphologically distinct. More specifically, L. nigricans var. nigricans only produces complete cleistogamous flowers and is distinct from the plants currently called "L. nigricans", which are identical to the chasmogamous variety L. nigricans var. patipetala. The other chasmogamous variety L. nigricans var. yakusimensis can be easily distinguished from L. nigricans var. patipetala by its more spatulate tepals and higher cucullate lip. Therefore, the present study provides emended description of the three L. nigricans varieties based on type specimens and specimens collected from type localities. In addition, the isotype specimen of L. nigricans var. patipetala is designated as the lectotype because the holotype has been lost.
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