Bortezomib treatment for refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in the setting of interferon gamma autoantibodies.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rocco JM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8141761 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC4880074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Neutralizing anti-interferon-? autoantibody (nAIGA)-associated immunodeficiency is an emerging medical issue worldwide. In the present study, we describe and discuss the clinical features and outcomes of patients with nAIGAs and disseminated infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (dNTM).We thoroughly reviewed the medical records of all patients. Microorganisms and nAIGAs were identified using previously described methods with modifications. All data were calculated and analyzed using SPSS software.Among 46 adult patients with dNTM infections, we identified 45 cases (97.8%) with nAIGAs. The average patient age was 58.6 years, and there was no sex predominance. Cervical lymphadenitis (81.8%) was the most common clinical manifestation. Endocrine disorder was the leading comorbidity (7 cases). Malignancies were found in 4 patients, and all of the malignancies originated from the T-cell/macrophage lineage. More than half of the identifiable isolates were slow-growing NTMs. Twenty-eight (62.2%) and 18 (40.0%) patients had a history of zoster and salmonellosis, respectively. A high proportion of patients with recurrent episodes of NTM infection or a history of zoster and dNTM infection had initial nAIGA titers ?10 dilution (P?<?0.05). Twenty-seven patients (60.0%) required long-term antimycobacterial therapy and had at least 1 episode of recurrent NTM disease. No mortality was related to dNTM infection.In Taiwan, nAIGAs are a recently recognized mechanism of dNTM infection. Long term of antibiotic treatment and adherence to medical advice are necessary to improve the clinical outcome of patients with nAIGAs.
| S-EPMC4998320 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAnti-interferon-gamma (anti-IFN-γ) autoantibody increases susceptibility to lower-virulence pathogens and causes immunodeficiency syndrome in HIV-negative patients.Patient concernsA 69-year-old Chinese man presented with a 2-month history of pruritic skin lesions on his forearms, trunk, and legs. He was diagnosed with 5 opportunistic infections without conventional immunosuppression-associated factors in past. The most conspicuous characteristics were recurrent pulmonary infection, persistent immunoglobulin E elevation and eosinophilia during the whole disease course.DiagnosisEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed anti-IFN-γ autoantibody positive. The final diagnosis for the patient was adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-IFN-γ autoantibody, non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection and reactive dermatosis.InterventionsThe patient underwent long-term anti-NTM and corticosteroid maintenance treatment.OutcomesThe patient was followed for 2 years during which opportunistic infection no longer happened, the immunoglobulin E level and eosinophil count reduced, the autoantibody levels remained largely steady and lung lesions absorbed.ConclusionClinicians should be vigilant for NTM infection in patients with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies, even when culture results are negative. Long-term anti-non-tuberculous mycobacteria and glucocorticoid regimens were effective.
| S-EPMC7478425 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8311417 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Autophagy is critically involved in host defense pathways through targeting and elimination of numerous pathogens via autophagic machinery. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are ubiquitous microbes, have become increasingly prevalent, and are emerging as clinically important strains due to drug-resistant issues. Compared to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causal pathogen for human tuberculosis, the roles of autophagy remain largely uncharacterized in the context of a variety of NTM infections. Compelling evidence suggests that host autophagy activation plays an essential role in the enhancement of antimicrobial immune responses and controlling pathological inflammation against various NTM infections. As similar to Mtb, it is believed that NTM bacteria evolve multiple strategies to manipulate and hijack host autophagy pathways. Despite this, we are just beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between pathogen and the host autophagy system in a battle with NTM bacteria. In this review, we will explore the function of autophagy, which is involved in shaping host-pathogen interaction and disease outcomes during NTM infections. These efforts will lead to the development of autophagy-based host-directed therapeutics against NTM infection.
| S-EPMC8450401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RationaleThe clinical features of patients infected with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) are well described, but the genetic components of infection susceptibility are not.ObjectivesTo examine genetic variants in patients with PNTM, their unaffected family members, and a control group.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was done on 69 white patients with PNTM and 18 of their white unaffected family members. We performed a candidate gene analysis using immune, cystic fibrosis transmembrance conductance regulator (CFTR), cilia, and connective tissue gene sets. The numbers of patients, family members, and control subjects with variants in each category were compared, as was the average number of variants per person.Measurements and main resultsA significantly higher number of patients with PNTM than the other subjects had low-frequency, protein-affecting variants in immune, CFTR, cilia, and connective tissue categories (35, 26, 90, and 90%, respectively). Patients with PNTM also had significantly more cilia and connective tissue variants per person than did control subjects (2.47 and 2.55 compared with 1.38 and 1.40, respectively; P = 1.4 × 10(-6) and P = 2.7 × 10(-8), respectively). Patients with PNTM had an average of 5.26 variants across all categories (1.98 in control subjects; P = 2.8 × 10(-17)), and they were more likely than control subjects to have variants in multiple categories. We observed similar results for family members without PNTM infection, with the exception of the immune category.ConclusionsPatients with PNTM have more low-frequency, protein-affecting variants in immune, CFTR, cilia, and connective tissue genes than their unaffected family members and control subjects. We propose that PNTM infection is a multigenic disease in which combinations of variants across gene categories, plus environmental exposures, increase susceptibility to the infection.
| S-EPMC4595692 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesUse of parenteral amikacin to treat refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease is limited by systemic toxicity. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using data pooled from two randomized trials to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of once-daily amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) in patients with treatment-refractory NTM lung disease.MethodsIn phase 2 (TR02-112) and phase 3 (CONVERT) studies, patients with sputum cultures positive for Mycobacterium avium complex (both studies) or M. abscessus (TR02-112) despite ≥ 6 months of guideline-based therapy were treated with once-daily ALIS 590 mg.ResultsFifty-three patients (28 Japanese; 25 White) were assessed. At baseline and ≈ 6 months after daily dosing, median maximum concentration (Cmax) was < 2 mg/L and median area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-24) was < 20 mg·h/L, suggesting low systemic exposure at both time points. Exposure estimates were similar between Japanese and White patients. The median unchanged amikacin fraction excreted in urine was < 10% of inhaled dose throughout the TR02-112 study, indicating that relatively small amounts reached systemic circulation. Median t1/2 was 5.5 h. Amikacin concentrations were much higher in sputum than in serum, demonstrating the ability to achieve higher drug concentration at the site of infection. Median sputum amikacin concentrations in the CONVERT study were high at 1-4 h postdose (range 242-426 μg/g) and decreased by 8 h (median 7 μg/g).ConclusionsSystemic exposure to amikacin in serum and urine following once-daily ALIS administration in patients with treatment-refractory NTM lung disease was notably lower than that previously reported for parenteral amikacin.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01315236 (registered March 15, 2011) and NCT02344004 (registered January 22, 2015).
| S-EPMC7935831 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is an urgent need for precise diagnosis to distinguish nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases from pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and other respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs), including antigen-specific peripheral blood-based quantitative T cell assay (T-SPOT.TB) and QuantiFERON-TB-Gold-Test (QFT-G), in differentiating NTM infections (N = 1,407) from culture-confirmed PTB (N = 1,828) and other respiratory diseases (N = 2,652). At specie level, 2.56%, 10.73%, and 16.49% of NTM-infected patients were infected by Mycobacterium kansasii, M. abscessus, and with M. avmm-intracellulare complex (MAC), respectively. Valid analyses of T-SPOT.TB (ESAT-6, CFP-10) and QFT-G were available for 37.03% and 85.79% in NTM-infected patients, including zero and 100% (36/36) of M. kansasii infection, 21.85% (33/151) and 92.05% (139/151) of M. abscessus infection, and 17.67% (41/232) and 91.24% (211/232) of MAC infection. Based on means comparisons and further ROC analysis, T-SPOT.TB and QFT-G performed moderate accuracy when discriminating NTM from PTB at modified cut-off values (ESAT-6 < 4 SFCs, CFP-10 < 3 SFCs, and QFT-G < 0.667 IU/ml), with corresponding AUC values of 0.7560, 0.7699, and 0.856. At species level of NTM, QFT-G effectively distinguished between MAC (AUC=0.8778), M. kansasii (AUC=0.8834) or M. abscessus (AUC=0.8783) than T-SPOT.TB. No significant differences in discriminatory power of these three IGRA tools were observed when differentiating NTM and Controls. Our results demonstrated that T-SPOT.TB and QFT-G were both efficient methods for differentiating NTM disease from PTB, and QFT-G possessed sufficient discriminatory power to distinguish infections by different NTM species.
| S-EPMC7930076 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInfection due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emerging issue worldwide, and we aimed to address the epidemiology and mortality association of NTM infection requiring treatment in Taiwan.MethodsWe used the 2003-2018 data of 2 million representative individuals in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified patients with newly diagnosed NTM infection and received treatment as NTM cases. Age- and sex-matched (1:40) as well as propensity score-matched (PSM) (1:2) non-NTM individuals were selected as non-NTM controls. We used a Cox proportional hazard model to determine hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe identified 558 patients with NTM infection requiring treatment. The mean age was 62.5 ± 15.4 years, and 57.5% of them were male. The incidence increased from 0.54 per 100,000 person-year in 2003 to 3.35 per 100,000 person-year in 2018. The overall mortality was 35.2%, with a mean follow-up duration of 4.1 ± 3.6 years. We found that NTM infection was independently associated with a greater risk of mortality (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.47-1.98) compared with age- and sex-matched controls, and the association remained consistent (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.19-1.75) compared with propensity-matched controls. We also found that old age, male, high Charlson comorbidity index, and the use of steroids or anti-neoplastic agents/immunosuppressants were associated with mortality risk.ConclusionIn conclusion, we found a steady increase in patients with NTM infection requiring treatment in Taiwan and further demonstrated that NTM infection was associated with greater risk of mortality using two comparable non-NTM control subjects.
| S-EPMC9234830 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms; their isolation from clinical specimens does not always indicate clinical disease. The incidence of NTM lung diseases has been increasing worldwide. Although the geographic diversity of NTM species is well known, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), M. abscessus complex (MABC), and M. kansasii are the most commonly encountered and important etiologic organisms. Two distinct types of NTM lung diseases have been reported, namely fibrocavitary and nodular bronchiectatic forms. For laboratory diagnosis of NTM lung diseases, both liquid and solid media cultures and species-level identification are strongly recommended to enhance growth detection and determine the clinical relevance of isolates. Treatment for NTM lung diseases consists of a multidrug regimen and a long course of therapy, lasting more than 12 months after negative sputum conversion. For MAC lung disease, several new macrolide-based regimens are now recommended. For nodular bronchiectatic forms of MAC lung diseases, an intermittent three-time-weekly regimen produces outcomes similar to those of daily therapy. Treatment of MABC lung disease is very difficult, requiring long-term use of parenteral agents in combination with new macrolides. Treatment outcomes are much better for M. massiliense lung disease than for M. abscessus lung disease. Thus, precise identification of species in MABC infection is needed for the prediction of antibiotic response. Likewise, increased efforts to improve treatment outcomes and develop new agents for NTM lung disease are needed.
| S-EPMC4835588 | biostudies-literature