Selected Spectroscopic Techniques for Surface Analysis of Dental Materials: A Narrative Review.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kaczmarek K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8156406 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology was developed to ensure the sufficient strength of tooth restorations, to improve esthetic restorations with a natural appearance and to make the techniques easier, faster and more accurate. In the view of the limited research on the surface treatments of the CAD/CAM materials and the need to evaluate the ideal surface characteristics of a material to achieve the best adhesion to tooth tissues, this study aimed to investigate the surface roughness and morphology of four different CAD/CAM materials using four different surface treatments. The CAD/CAM materials used in this study were three composites (Shofu Block HC, Lava Ultimate and Brilliant Crios) and a hybrid ceramic (Enamic). The surface of the specimens of each material received one of the following treatments: no surface treatment, sandblasting with 29 ?m Al2O3 particles, 9% hydrofluoric acid etching and silane application, and the tribochemical method using CoJet System. Surface roughness was evaluated using optical profilometry, and surface morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. All surface treatments resulted in higher surface roughness values compared to the control group. Different treatments affected the surface properties of the materials, presumably due to discrepancies in their composition and structure.
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Project description:We provide detailed background, theoretical and practical, on the specific heat of minerals and mixtures thereof, 'astro-materials,' as well as background information on common minerals and other relevant solid substances found on the surfaces of solar system bodies. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to use specific heat and composition data for lunar samples and meteorites as well as a new database of endmember mineral heat capacities (the result of an extensive literature review) to construct reference models for the isobaric specific heat c P as a function of temperature for common solar system materials. Using a (generally linear) mixing model for the specific heat of minerals allows extrapolation of the available data to very low and very high temperatures, such that models cover the temperature range between 10 K and 1000 K at least (and pressures from zero up to several kbars). We describe a procedure to estimate c P (T) for virtually any solid solar system material with a known mineral composition, e.g., model specific heat as a function of temperature for a number of typical meteorite classes with known mineralogical compositions. We present, as examples, the c P (T) curves of a number of well-described laboratory regolith analogs, as well as for planetary ices and 'tholins' in the outer solar system. Part II will review and present the heat capacity database for minerals and compounds and part III is going to cover applications, standard reference compositions, c P (T) curves, and a comparison with new and literature experimental data.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10765-022-03046-5.
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Project description:Background and Objectives: Nanotechnology has become a significant area of research focused mainly on increasing the antibacterial and mechanical properties of dental materials. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively analyze the current evidence for the addition of different nanoparticles into dental restorative materials, to determine whether their incorporation increases the antibacterial/antimicrobial properties of the materials. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases, up to December 2018, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: A total of 624 papers were identified in the initial search. After screening the texts and applying inclusion criteria, only 11 of these were selected for quantitative analysis. The incorporation of nanoparticles led to a significant increase (p-value <0.01) in the antibacterial capacity of all the dental materials synthesized in comparison with control materials. Conclusions: The incorporation of nanoparticles into dental restorative materials was a favorable option; the antibacterial activity of nanoparticle-modified dental materials was significantly higher compared with the original unmodified materials, TiO2 nanoparticles providing the greatest benefits. However, the high heterogeneity among the articles reviewed points to the need for further research and the application of standardized research protocols.
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Project description:BackgroundPolyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with unique structural and mechanical properties that make it a promising candidate for surface modification of dental implants. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of PEKK for this purpose using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) code based on density functional theory (DFT).MethodsThis study examined the ground state energy, structural properties, thermodynamic behavior, cohesive energy, refractive index, stress analysis, mechanical properties, and anisotropic behavior of PEKK.ResultsThis study found that PEKK has a complex crystal structure with an orthorhombic unit cell shape, triclinic lattice type, and a centered structure. It also has a 2D layered structure owing to the presence of carbonyl groups, which provides a large surface area for interaction with biological tissues. Thermodynamic analysis showed that PEKK exhibited bond elongation and structural changes at 380 °C, indicating thermal degradation. The cohesive energy of PEKK was calculated to be - 440 eV, indicating its stability and structural integrity. PEKK has a complex refractive index, with real and imaginary components that affect its optical properties. Stress analysis showed that PEKK is resistant to shear deformation and has high hydrostatic stress, which contributes to its stability and biocompatibility.ConclusionThe mechanical properties of PEKK, including its high stiffness, resistance to volume change under pressure, and ability to accommodate natural movements, make it suitable for surface modification of dental implants.
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Project description:Bleeding complications can cause significant morbidities and mortalities in both civilian and military conditions. The formation of stable blood clots or hemostasis is essential to prevent major blood loss and death from excessive bleeding. However, the body's self-coagulation process cannot accomplish timely hemostasis without the assistance of hemostatic agents under some conditions. In the past two decades, topical hemostatic materials and devices containing platelets, fibrin, and polysaccharides have been gradually developed and introduced to induce faster or more stable blood clot formation, updating or iterating traditional hemostatic materials. Despite the various forms and functions of topical hemostatic materials that have been developed for different clinical conditions, uncontrolled hemorrhage still causes over 30% of trauma deaths across the world. Therefore, it is important to fabricate fast, efficient, safe, and ready-to-use novel hemostatic materials. It is necessary to understand the coagulation process and the hemostatic mechanism of different materials to develop novel topical hemostatic agents, such as tissue adhesives and sealants from various natural and synthetic materials. This review discusses the structural features of topical hemostatic materials related to the stimulation of hemostasis, summarizes the commercially available products and their applications, and reviews the ongoing clinical trials and recent studies concerning the development of different hemostatic materials.
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Project description:Background and objectiveWhile significant sensation recovery improvements in neurotized breasts following reconstruction have been reported, sensation testing methods and surgical techniques have been widely variable. This narrative review aims to summarize available literature on current neurotization practices and sensory recovery outcomes in patients undergoing innervated breast reconstruction.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PubMed Medline, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted to identify all studies reporting outcomes of neurotization in breast reconstruction surgeries. Data analyzed included operative times, neurotization techniques, sensory outcomes, and methods as well as patient reported outcomes.Key content and findingsDespite the heterogeneity of various studies reviewed, all forms of neurotization achieved earlier and superior sensory recovery throughout the reconstructed breast skin compared to non-innervated breasts. In absence of randomized controlled trials or high-quality comparative studies, further evidence is required to objectively confirm this technique offers better sensory recovery.ConclusionsNeurotization at the time of breast reconstruction may lead to improved sensation and patient reported outcomes delineating improved quality of life compared to non-innervated breasts. Future studies need to standardize the way that breast sensation is measured and determine pre-operative variables leading to expected changes in final sensation recovery to help manage surgical outcome expectations of both the surgeon and the patient.
| S-EPMC11304423 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionDental staining is a common concern for tobacco users. However, little is known about which components of tobacco are responsible for the staining and whether nicotine may be implicated. This is of increasing relevance with the popularity of novel products such as heated-tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes).ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to establish the evidence base for the effect if any, of the various tobacco and nicotine products in causing staining of dental hard tissues and materials.Material and methodsThis systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. There were four structured population intervention comparison outcomesquestions. A search was conducted up to December 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and manual searching of relevant sources was also completed. Two researchers individually reviewed the titles then abstracts and finally full articles. A reporting quality appraisal was conducted appropriately to the study methodology.ResultsOf the 815 records titles identified, 56 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 27 were included for analysis. The included studies were mainly laboratory studies of varying reporting quality. There was evidence from 18 studies that tobacco exposure caused staining of dental hard tissues (pooled results from three studies- enamel/dentine; mean difference [MD]: 16.22; 95% confidence interval[12.11, 20.32; I2 : 96%)and materials (pooled result from four studies-resin composite; MD: 11.90; 95% CI: 11.47, 12.34; I2 : 100%). There was limited evidence that E-cigarettes 99%) and heated tobacco products (HTPs; pooled results from three studies--1.07, 6.54; I2 : 99%) cause staining, but this was lower than with traditional tobacco/found 11 compounds, of which 8 were terpenoids, from tobacco products implicated in causing staining. Finally, there was some evidence that resin composites stained more than other materials.ConclusionsTobacco smoking causes dental staining. There was limited evidence that E-cigarettes and HTPs did cause dental staining that was less intense than that caused by traditional tobacco products.
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