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Comparing the phosphorus use efficiency of pre-treated (organically) rock phosphate with soluble P fertilizers in maize under calcareous soils.

ABSTRACT: In calcareous soils, phosphorus (P) availability to plant is impaired due to the formation of insoluble complexes with calcium and magnesium. Therefore, this study was executed to compare the P use efficiency (PUE) of four different P sources [rock phosphate (RP), acidulated rock phosphate (ARP), single super phosphate (SSP) and di ammonium phosphate (DAP)] alone or pre-treated with organic amendments (farm yard manure (FYM) enriched compost, simple compost and humic acid (HA)) along with control in maize crop under calcareous soils. All treatments irrespective of P sources received 90 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1. Phosphorus application regardless of its sources and combination with organic amendments significantly improved maize growth, yield as well as P uptake and PUE. Rock phosphate when applied alone was recorded inferior but its performance significantly improved with compost or its pre-addition with FYM and HA, that further enhanced upon acidulation. Maize grain yield increased by 21, 22.2, 67.9 and 94% with RP, ARP, ARP enriched compost and ARP+ compost respectively, over control. Similarly, PUE of DAP improved from 31.7 to 43.1 and 39 with sample and enriched compost correspondingly. Post-harvest soil and grain P were at par for SSP, ARP and DAP alone or in conjugation with organic amendments when averaged across the amendments. These results suggested that pretreatment of P sources with organic amendments is an economical and more feasible approach to improve maize yield and PUE. Moreover, on-farm acidulation of RP may give at par results with SSP and DAP with cheaper rate and hence recommended for P management in maize in alkaline calcareous soils.

SUBMITTER: Mussarat M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8158173 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Intercropping often substantially increases phosphorus (P) availability to plants compared with monocropping, which could be an effective strategy for soil legacy P recovery and agricultural production. However, the biogeochemical interactions among plants, microbes, and soil that mobilize P remain largely unknown in intercropping systems. Pot experiments with maize-soybean intercropping in a calcareous soil were conducted to investigate the potential chemical and biological transformation mechanisms of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) using sequential extraction and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Compared to monocropping of each crop, maize-soybean intercropping significantly enhanced total P uptake of the two crops by mobilizing Ca2-Pi [extracted by bicarbonate (NaHCO3)], Al-Pi/Po [extracted by ammonium fluoride (NH4F)] and Fe-Pi [extracted by sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate (NaOH-Na2CO3)] fractions. Furthermore, there were significant increases in the organic carbon content and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities as well as the abundances of Microvirga, Lysobacter, Microlunatus and Sphingomonas under maize-soybean intercropping relative to monocropping. In contrast, compared to monocroppping, no significant change in the soil pH was observed under maize-soybean intercropping. Therefore, the enhanced P uptake of the maize-soybean intercropping probably resulted from a synergistic effect of rhizosphere organic carbon deposit, increased activities of ALP and PDE, together with the bacteria (Microvirga, Lysobacter, Microlunatus and Sphingomonas) which showed correlation with soil P forms, while the generally recognized rhizosphere acidification was excluded in this investigated calcareous soil. Moreover, the selected bacterial genera exhibited a closer network in the rhizosphere of soybean compared to maize, suggesting enhanced interactions among bacteria in the soybean rhizosphere. These results provide theoretical bases for the recovery of soil legacy P by maize-soybean intercropping.

Project description:Background With increasing food demand as a consequence of the growing world population, there is a corresponding demand for additional sources of phosphorus (P). Alum-phosphate (Al-P) sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment and can be a good source of P. In this study, the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to Al-P sludge was tested. Maize was chosen as the test crop due to its prevalent use as human and animal food and as a source of biofuel. The objective of the study was to investigate Al-P sludge as a source of P compared to a commercial fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, MAP). Methods A growth chamber assay was conducted over four cropping cycles (45 d each). The application rate was 9.7, 19.4, 29.1 and 38.8 mg P kg−1 dry soil. Amendments were applied once at the start of the first cropping cycle. Plants were harvested after each cycle and pots were re-seeded. Dry matter yield (DMY), total P uptake, Al-P uptake, soil total P and Olsen-P concentrations, pH, and EC were measured. Results DMY was significantly greater in pots amended with Al-P sludge than in pots treated with MAP. There was a significant rate × cropping cycle interaction effect on DMY with the differences among rates in cycle 1 different from those in cycle 4. Phosphorus uptake depended on cropping cycle, P source and P application rate. With sludge uptake higher than MAP in all cycles, the highest P uptake was observed at the highest application rate except for cycle 2 where this was observed at the rate of 29.1 mg kg−1. For MAP, phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) at the highest rate was significantly greater than that at the lowest rate whereas PRE in cycle 1 was significantly higher than that in cycle 4. In the first two cycles, aluminum uptake was negligible in both MAP and Al-P sludge treatments; however, in cycles 3 and 4, there was significantly more Al in maize from sludge amended pots. Our results show that Al-P sludge was as effective as MAP in supplying enough P for biomass yield. We, therefore, conclude that Al-P sludge could be an alternative source of P, especially for growing maize as feedstock for bioenergy.

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Comparing the phosphorus use efficiency of pre-treated (organically) rock phosphate with soluble P fertilizers in maize under calcareous soils.

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