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Maize-soybean intercropping facilitates chemical and microbial transformations of phosphorus fractions in a calcareous soil.

ABSTRACT: Intercropping often substantially increases phosphorus (P) availability to plants compared with monocropping, which could be an effective strategy for soil legacy P recovery and agricultural production. However, the biogeochemical interactions among plants, microbes, and soil that mobilize P remain largely unknown in intercropping systems. Pot experiments with maize-soybean intercropping in a calcareous soil were conducted to investigate the potential chemical and biological transformation mechanisms of inorganic P (P_i) and organic P (P_o) using sequential extraction and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Compared to monocropping of each crop, maize-soybean intercropping significantly enhanced total P uptake of the two crops by mobilizing Ca₂-P_i [extracted by bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)], Al-P_i/P_o [extracted by ammonium fluoride (NH₄F)] and Fe-P_i [extracted by sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate (NaOH-Na₂CO₃)] fractions. Furthermore, there were significant increases in the organic carbon content and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities as well as the abundances of Microvirga, Lysobacter, Microlunatus and Sphingomonas under maize-soybean intercropping relative to monocropping. In contrast, compared to monocroppping, no significant change in the soil pH was observed under maize-soybean intercropping. Therefore, the enhanced P uptake of the maize-soybean intercropping probably resulted from a synergistic effect of rhizosphere organic carbon deposit, increased activities of ALP and PDE, together with the bacteria (Microvirga, Lysobacter, Microlunatus and Sphingomonas) which showed correlation with soil P forms, while the generally recognized rhizosphere acidification was excluded in this investigated calcareous soil. Moreover, the selected bacterial genera exhibited a closer network in the rhizosphere of soybean compared to maize, suggesting enhanced interactions among bacteria in the soybean rhizosphere. These results provide theoretical bases for the recovery of soil legacy P by maize-soybean intercropping.

SUBMITTER: Liu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9709268 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maize-soybean intercropping facilitates chemical and microbial transformations of phosphorus fractions in a calcareous soil.

Liu Jin J Li Yang Y Han Chaoqun C Yang Dongling D Yang Jianjun J Cade-Menun Barbara J BJ Chen Yuanquan Y Sui Peng P

Frontiers in microbiology 20221116

Intercropping often substantially increases phosphorus (P) availability to plants compared with monocropping, which could be an effective strategy for soil legacy P recovery and agricultural production. However, the biogeochemical interactions among plants, microbes, and soil that mobilize P remain largely unknown in intercropping systems. Pot experiments with maize-soybean intercropping in a calcareous soil were conducted to investigate the potential chemical and biological transformation mecha ...[more]

PMID: 36466685

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Project description:IntroductionStraw return has been widely recognized as an important carbon (C) enhancement measure in agroecosystems, but the C-phosphorus (P) interactions and their effects on plants in saline soils are still unclear.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of straw return and three P application levels, no P fertilizer (Non-P), a conventional application rate of P fertilizer (CP), and a high application rate of P fertilizer (HP), on maize growth and soil C and P fractions through a pot experiment.Results and discussionThe results revealed that the dry matter weight of maize plant was no difference between the two straw return levels and was 15.36% higher under HP treatments than under Non-P treatments. Plant nutrient accumulations were enhanced by straw addition and increased with increasing P application rate. Straw application reduced the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in maize plants by 31.69%, 38.99%, 45.96% and 27.04%, respectively. P application decreased SOD, POD activities and MDA content in the absence of straw. The contents of easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and the ratio of POC/SOC in straw-added soils were 10.23%, 17.00% and 7.27% higher, respectively, than those in straw-absent soils. Compared with Non-P treatments, HP treatments led to an increase of 12.05%, 23.04% in EOC, POC contents respectively, while a decrease of 18.12% in the contribution of MAOC to the SOC pool. Straw return improved the P status of the saline soil by increasing soil available P (14.80%), organic P (35.91%) and Ca2-P contents (4.68%). The structural equation model showed that straw and P applications could promote maize growth (indicated by dry matter weight, P accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA content) through improving soil C and P availabilities.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that straw return together with adequate P supply in saline soil can promote crop nutrient accumulation, attenuate the oxidation damage on crop growth, and be beneficial for SOC turnover and soil P activation.

Dataset Information

Maize-soybean intercropping facilitates chemical and microbial transformations of phosphorus fractions in a calcareous soil.

Publications

Maize-soybean intercropping facilitates chemical and microbial transformations of phosphorus fractions in a calcareous soil.

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