Dataset Information

Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, which are typically transmitted via respiratory droplets, are leading causes of invasive diseases, including bacteraemic pneumonia and meningitis, and of secondary infections subsequent to post-viral respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of invasive disease due to these pathogens during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In this prospective analysis of surveillance data, laboratories in 26 countries and territories across six continents submitted data on cases of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis from Jan 1, 2018, to May, 31, 2020, as part of the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Initiative. Numbers of weekly cases in 2020 were compared with corresponding data for 2018 and 2019. Data for invasive disease due to Streptococcus agalactiae, a non-respiratory pathogen, were collected from nine laboratories for comparison. The stringency of COVID-19 containment measures was quantified using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Changes in population movements were assessed using Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. Interrupted time-series modelling quantified changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in 2020 relative to when containment measures were imposed.

Findings

27 laboratories from 26 countries and territories submitted data to the IRIS Initiative for S pneumoniae (62 837 total cases), 24 laboratories from 24 countries submitted data for H influenzae (7796 total cases), and 21 laboratories from 21 countries submitted data for N meningitidis (5877 total cases). All countries and territories had experienced a significant and sustained reduction in invasive diseases due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in early 2020 (Jan 1 to May 31, 2020), coinciding with the introduction of COVID-19 containment measures in each country. By contrast, no significant changes in the incidence of invasive S agalactiae infections were observed. Similar trends were observed across most countries and territories despite differing stringency in COVID-19 control policies. The incidence of reported S pneumoniae infections decreased by 68% at 4 weeks (incidence rate ratio 0·32 [95% CI 0·27-0·37]) and 82% at 8 weeks (0·18 [0·14-0·23]) following the week in which significant changes in population movements were recorded.

Interpretation

The introduction of COVID-19 containment policies and public information campaigns likely reduced transmission of S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis, leading to a significant reduction in life-threatening invasive diseases in many countries worldwide.

Funding

Wellcome Trust (UK), Robert Koch Institute (Germany), Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), Pfizer, Merck, Health Protection Surveillance Centre (Ireland), SpID-Net project (Ireland), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (European Union), Horizon 2020 (European Commission), Ministry of Health (Poland), National Programme of Antibiotic Protection (Poland), Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Agencia de Salut Pública de Catalunya (Spain), Sant Joan de Deu Foundation (Spain), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden), Swedish Research Council (Sweden), Region Stockholm (Sweden), Federal Office of Public Health of Switzerland (Switzerland), and French Public Health Agency (France).

SUBMITTER: Brueggemann AB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8166576 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.

Brueggemann Angela B AB Jansen van Rensburg Melissa J MJ Shaw David D McCarthy Noel D ND Jolley Keith A KA Maiden Martin C J MCJ van der Linden Mark P G MPG Amin-Chowdhury Zahin Z Bennett Désirée E DE Borrow Ray R Brandileone Maria-Cristina C MC Broughton Karen K Campbell Ruth R Cao Bin B Casanova Carlo C Choi Eun Hwa EH Chu Yiu Wai YW Clark Stephen A SA Claus Heike H Coelho Juliana J Corcoran Mary M Cottrell Simon S Cunney Robert J RJ Dalby Tine T Davies Heather H de Gouveia Linda L Deghmane Ala-Eddine AE Demczuk Walter W Desmet Stefanie S Drew Richard J RJ du Plessis Mignon M Erlendsdottir Helga H Fry Norman K NK Fuursted Kurt K Gray Steve J SJ Henriques-Normark Birgitta B Hale Thomas T Hilty Markus M Hoffmann Steen S Humphreys Hilary H Ip Margaret M Jacobsson Susanne S Johnston Jillian J Kozakova Jana J Kristinsson Karl G KG Krizova Pavla P Kuch Alicja A Ladhani Shamez N SN Lâm Thiên-Trí TT Lebedova Vera V Lindholm Laura L Litt David J DJ Martin Irene I Martiny Delphine D Mattheus Wesley W McElligott Martha M Meehan Mary M Meiring Susan S Mölling Paula P Morfeldt Eva E Morgan Julie J Mulhall Robert M RM Muñoz-Almagro Carmen C Murdoch David R DR Murphy Joy J Musilek Martin M Mzabi Alexandre A Perez-Argüello Amaresh A Perrin Monique M Perry Malorie M Redin Alba A Roberts Richard R Roberts Maria M Rokney Assaf A Ron Merav M Scott Kevin J KJ Sheppard Carmen L CL Siira Lotta L Skoczyńska Anna A Sloan Monica M Slotved Hans-Christian HC Smith Andrew J AJ Song Joon Young JY Taha Muhamed-Kheir MK Toropainen Maija M Tsang Dominic D Vainio Anni A van Sorge Nina M NM Varon Emmanuelle E Vlach Jiri J Vogel Ulrich U Vohrnova Sandra S von Gottberg Anne A Zanella Rosemeire C RC Zhou Fei F

The Lancet. Digital health 20210601 6

<h4>Background</h4>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, which are typically transmitted via respiratory droplets, are leading causes of invasive diseases, including bacteraemic pneumonia and meningitis, and of secondary infections subsequent to post-viral respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of invasive disease due to these pathogens during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.<h4>Methods</h4>In this prospective ...[more]

PMID: 34045002

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Project description:The etiology of bacterial meningitis in Turkey changed after the implementation of conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in the Turkish National Immunization Program (NIP). Administration of Hib vaccine and PCV-7 (7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) was implemented in NIP in 2006 and 2009, respectively. In 2011, PCV-7 was replaced with PCV-13. Meningococcal vaccines have not yet been included in Turkish NIP. This prospective study comprised 27 hospitals located in seven regions of Turkey and represented 45% of the population. Children aged between 1?month and 18?years who were hospitalized with suspected meningitis were included. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected, and bacterial identification was made according to the multiplex PCR assay results. During the study period, 994 children were hospitalized for suspected meningitis, and Hib (n?=?3, 2.4%), S. pneumoniae (n?=?33, 26.4%), and Neisseria meningitidis (n?=?89, 71%) were detected in 125 samples. The most common meningococcal serogroup was MenB. Serogroup W comprised 13.9% (n?=?5) and 7.5% (n?=?4) of the meningococci in 2015 to 2016 and 2017 to 2018, respectively. Serogroup C was not detected. There were four deaths in the study; one was a pneumococcus case, and the others were serogroup B meningococcus cases. The epidemiology of meningococcal diseases has varied over time in Turkey. Differing from the previous surveillance periods, MenB was the most common serogroup in the 2015-to-2018 period. Meningococcal epidemiology is so dynamic that, for vaccination policies, close monitoring is crucial.IMPORTANCE Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is one of the most common life-threatening infections in children. The incidence and prevalence of ABM vary both geographically and temporally; therefore, surveillance systems are necessary to determine the accurate burden of ABM. The Turkish Meningitis Surveillance Group has been performing a hospital-based meningitis surveillance study since 2005 across several regions in Turkey. Meningococcus was the major ABM-causing agent during the 2015-to-2018 period, during which MenB was the dominant serogroup.

Dataset Information

Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.

Background

Methods

Findings

Interpretation

Funding

Publications

Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.

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