Inflammation-related plasma protein levels and association with adiposity measurements in young adults.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Klevebro S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8166979 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study investigated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity in young adults.Data was collected from 133 students of a medical college of Pakistan. The study was conducted on young adults, aged 17-24 years, recruited from Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi, between Aug-Dec, 2015. Queen's College Step Test was conducted to measure CRF and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) evaluated. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index, body fat, visceral fat, waist circumference) were taken to assess adiposity. Associations of VO2max and adiposity were analyzed.The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 44% overall. The VO2max (ml/kg/min) of males and females was 55.41±9.45 and 39.91±3.14, respectively, the gender difference being highly significant (p<0.001). Quartiles of VO2max showed strong inverse relationship between adiposity and VO2max, obese individuals having low VO2max (1st quartile) and normal weight individuals having high VO2max (4th quartile). VO2max correlated greatest with body fat in males (r = -0.600; p<0.001), and waist circumference in females (r = -0.319; p=0.004).The results indicate low CRF in young females and a strong inverse relationship between fitness levels and adiposity in young adults of both genders. Improving these parameters in our young population may prevent development of chronic non-communicable disease in later life.
| S-EPMC5510122 | biostudies-other
Project description:ContextThere is evidence that leptin is involved in the etiology of obesity-related cardiovascular disease in adults. This raises the question of whether leptin levels in adolescence are indicative of adiposity-related cardiovascular risk.ObjectiveThis study investigated gender-specific patterns of plasma leptin during adolescence, assessed which adiposity measurements are most strongly associated with plasma leptin, and estimated to what degree leptin-adiposity associations are influenced by genetic factors.MethodsPlasma leptin concentrations were determined using a sandwich immunoassay. Associations between plasma leptin and several adiposity measurements were examined using generalized estimating equations. Genetic contribution to leptin-adiposity association was estimated by Cholesky decomposition models using twin design.ResultsPlasma leptin levels were higher in females than males at all Tanner stages. In females, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), and percentage body fat (%BF) had similar associations with leptin levels. In males, %BF and FMI were more strongly associated with leptin levels than body mass index and waist circumference. In both males and females, percentage trunk fat had the weakest association with leptin among the five adiposity measures. Shared genetic factors account for more than 80% of the phenotypic correlation between %BF and leptin.ConclusionsWe found gender differences in leptin levels and leptin-adiposity associations. In both genders, leptin levels were strongly associated with %BF and FMI, particularly in males. Shared genetic factors contributed largely to the phenotypic correlation between leptin and %BF. Our findings underscored the importance of further investigation of leptin as a biomarker of adiposity in adolescents.
| S-EPMC2741718 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ContextBile acids (BA) are known for their role in intestinal lipid absorption and can also play a role as signaling molecules to control energy metabolism. Prior evidence suggests that alterations in circulating BA levels and in the pool of circulating BA are linked to an increased risk of obesity and a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged adults.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between plasma levels of BA with cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of well-phenotyped, relatively healthy young adults.MethodsBody composition, brown adipose tissue, serum classical cardiometabolic risk factors, and a set of 8 plasma BA (including glyco-conjugated forms) in 136 young adults (age 22.1 ± 2.2 years, 67% women) were measured.ResultsPlasma levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) were higher in men than in women, although these differences disappeared after adjusting for body fat percentage. Furthermore, cholic acid (CA), CDCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) levels were positively, yet weakly associated, with lean body mass (LBM) levels, while GDCA and glycolithocholic acid (GLCA) levels were negatively associated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and GUDCA were positively associated with glucose and insulin serum levels, HOMA index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-8 levels, but negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ApoA1, and adiponectin levels, yet these significant correlations partially disappeared after the inclusion of LBM as a confounder.ConclusionOur findings indicate that plasma levels of BA might be sex dependent and are associated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors in young and relatively healthy adults.
| S-EPMC8851912 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine that influences the development of inflammatory and aging-related disorders and ultimately longevity. In order to study the influence of variants in genes that regulate inflammatory response on IL-6 levels and longevity, we screened a panel of 477 tag SNPs across 87 candidate genes in >5000 older participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Baseline plasma IL-6 concentration was first confirmed as a strong predictor of all-cause mortality. Functional alleles of the IL6R and PARP1 genes were significantly associated with 15%-20% higher baseline IL-6 concentration per copy among CHS European-American (EA) participants (all p<10(-4)). In a case/control analysis nested within this EA cohort, the minor allele of PARP1 rs1805415 was nominally associated with decreased longevity (p=0.001), but there was no evidence of association between IL6R genotype and longevity. The PARP1 rs1805415--longevity association was subsequently replicated in one of two independent case/control studies. In a pooled analysis of all three studies, the "risk" of longevity associated with the minor allele of PARP1 rs1805415 was 0.79 (95%CI 0.62-1.02; p=0.07). These findings warrant further study of the potential role of PARP1 genotype in inflammatory and aging-related phenotypes.
| S-EPMC2791897 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background. Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. Some evidences indicate its association with metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In the current study we aim to study the association of vitamin D level and indicators of adiposity in young Saudi females. Subjects and Methods. 87 young healthy Saudi females were recruited from University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Each subject filled vitamin D questionnaire and had exercise stress test to determine VO2 peak. Body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and ratios were determined. Blood was analyzed for 25-OH vitamin D, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and differential cholesterol. Results. 25-OH vitamin D/body weight was negatively associated with waist circumference and waist/stature ratio. No significant difference was found between the groups of BMI with regard to the data of questionnaire or 25-OH vitamin D/body weight. Obese and overweight subjects had lower VO2 peak. Conclusion. In young Saudi females we found that the relative value of vitamin D to body weight is a better indicator of vitamin D status particularly in obese subjects and it is negatively associated with adiposity measures of waist circumference and waist/stature ratio.
| S-EPMC4976256 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RationaleObesity-related asthma is associated with higher disease burden than normal-weight asthma among Hispanics. Adiposity, metabolic dysregulation, and inflammation are all implicated in pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma, but their independent contributions are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo examine the independent contributions of body fat distribution, metabolic abnormalities and inflammation on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function among Hispanics.MethodsParticipants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos with doctor-diagnosed asthma who completed an asthma symptom questionnaire and performed a valid spirometry were included in the analysis (n = 1126). Multivariate analysis was used to examine the independent association of general adiposity (assessed using body mass index), truncal adiposity (assessed by waist circumference), metabolic dysregulation (presence of insulin resistance and low HDL) and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein≥3 mg/L) with reported asthma symptoms or pulmonary function measures (FEV1, and FVC) while adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.ResultsOf the 1126 participants, 334 (29.5%) were overweight, and 648 (57.8%) were obese. FEV1 and FVC were lower in obese compared to normal-weight asthmatics. In analyses controlling for metabolic and adiposity factors, high hs-CRP (>7 mg/L) was associated with more symptoms (prevalence-ratio 1.27 (95%CI 1.05, 1.54), and lower FVC (β -138 ml (95%CI -27 ml, -249 ml)) and FEV1 (β -155 ml (95% CI -38 ml, -272 ml). Low HDL was also associated with lower FVC (β -111 ml (-22 ml, -201 ml) and FEV1 (β -100 ml (-12 ml, -188 ml)). Results were similar in men and women.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that hs-CRP and low HDL, rather than general and truncal adiposity, are associated with asthma burden among overweight and obese Hispanic adults.
| S-EPMC5395248 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:Transient elastography (TE) measures liver stiffness to assess fibrosis. Studies in adults have shown that inflammation increases stiffness, leading to an overestimation of fibrosis. We investigated the contribution of inflammation to liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) in children/young adults. METHODS:This was a cohort analysis of children/young adults who underwent TE within 1 year of liver biopsy. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was obtained within 30 days of the biopsy and LSM. Fibrosis was assessed by METAVIR stage and inflammation by ALT and Ishak score. Data were stratified into METAVIR F0-F2 versus F3-F4. Change between ALT and LSM over time was also assessed. RESULTS:A total of 154 patients (50% male patients) ages 3 weeks to 24 years (18% <3 years) were studied. Diagnoses included autoimmune (N?=?38, 25%), viral (N?=?25, 16%), cholestasis (N?=?17, 11%), fatty liver (N?=?9, 6%), biliary atresia (N?=?8, 5%), metabolic (N?=?5, 3%), allograft rejection (N?=?4, 3%), and other (N?=?48, 31%). Thirty-four percent of patients had F3-F4. In patients with F0-F2, the proportion of those with LSM >8.6 kPa increased with increasing ALT (P?=?0.002). In patients with F3-F4, there was no association between ALT and LSM (P?=?0.17). A correlation between change in ALT and LSM was observed in patients with no/minimal fibrosis and inflammatory liver diseases (r?=?0.33). CONCLUSIONS:In children with no/minimal hepatic fibrosis and inflammatory liver disease, high ALT values are associated with LSM in the range typical of advanced fibrosis. However, with more advanced fibrosis, inflammation does not appear to contribute to LSM. Caution must be taken when interpreting LSM for assessing fibrosis severity in the setting of inflammation.
| S-EPMC5316380 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Increased circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 and sclerostin levels have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the association of FGF-21 and sclerostin with adiposity, glycemia, and glucoregulatory measures in healthy subjects. We studied 20 normoglycemic Black and White offspring of parents with T2D. Assessments included oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity (Si-clamp), insulin secretion (homeostasis model assessment index of b-cell function [HOMA-B]), and body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Fasting plasma FGF-21 and sclerostin levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The participants' mean (+SD) age was 50.4 ± 5.97 years; body mass index (BMI) 32.5 ± 5.86 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 96.1 ± 5.21 mg/dL, and 2-hour postload glucose 116 ± 5.45 mg/dL. FGF-21 levels were similar in Black people vs White people (0.36 ± 0.15 ng/mL vs 0.39 ± 0.25 ng/mL), men vs women (0.45 ± 0.14 vs 0.44 ± 0.07 ng/mL), correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.23, P = .05) and waist circumference (r = 0.27, P = .04), and inversely with FPG (r = -0.26, P = .05). Sclerostin levels also were similar in Black people (33.5 ± 17.1 pmol/L) vs White people (34.2 ± 6.41 pmol/L), men vs women (35.3 ± 9.01 pmol/L vs 32.3 ± 15.8 pmol/L), and correlated inversely with FPG (r = -0.11 to -0.44) but not adiposity measures. The correlation coefficient between Si-clamp values and FGF-21 levels was -0.31 (P = .09) compared with 0.04 (P = .89) for sclerostin levels. FGF-21 and sclerostin levels were not correlated with each other or HOMA-B. Among healthy Black and White subjects, plasma FGF-21 and sclerostin showed differential associations with adiposity but concordant association with FPG levels.
| S-EPMC8694518 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveBlood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a 'Holy Grail' of AD research. Growing evidence shows that levels of apolipoproteins and various inflammation-related factors are altered in the peripheral blood of patients with AD. The purpose of this study was to clear and definite whether these biomarkers are differentially expressed at the early stages of AD, and could be a biomarker as an early diagnosis of the disease.DesignObservation study.SettingThis study was a part of the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline, an ongoing prospective cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03370744) that centres on Xuanwu Hospital (Beijing, China) in cooperation with an alliance of 94 hospitals from 50 cities across China.ParticipantsIn the present study, 416 right-handed Chinese Han subjects were recruited through standardised public advertisements from 2014 to 2019.Outcome measuresConcentrations of plasma apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), A-2-macroglobulin (A2M), complement C3 (C3) and complement factor H (FH) were determined using a commercial multiplex Luminex-based panel in normal controls (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment and AD groups.ResultsFor individual analysis, pairwise comparisons showed that: (1) For SCD versus NC, no biomarker showed significant difference; (2) For amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) versus NC, levels of ApoCIII, ApoE, A2M, C3 and FH increased significantly; and (3) For AD versus NC, amounts of C3 increased. For models differentiating clinical groups, discriminant analysis was performed by including all protein markers, age, sex, genotype and education level in the model. This approach could distinguish between patients with aMCI (area under the curve (AUC): 0.743) and AD (AUC: 0.837) from NC.ConclusionOur results suggest that concentrations of certain apolipoproteins and inflammation-related factors are altered at the early stage of AD, and could be useful biomarkers for early diagnosis.Trial registration numberNCT03370744.
| S-EPMC8987762 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Selection for disease resilience, which refers to the ability of an animal to maintain performance when exposed to disease, can reduce the impact of infectious diseases. However, direct selection for disease resilience is challenging because nucleus herds must maintain a high health status. A possible solution is indirect selection of indicators of disease resilience. To search for such indicators, we conducted phenotypic and genetic quantitative analyses of the abundances of 377 proteins in plasma samples from 912 young and visually healthy pigs and their relationships with performance and subsequent disease resilience after natural exposure to a polymicrobial disease challenge. Abundances of 100 proteins were significantly heritable (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.10). The abundance of some proteins was or tended to be genetically correlated (rg) with disease resilience, including complement system proteins (rg = -0.24, FDR = 0.001) and IgG heavy chain proteins (rg = -0.68, FDR = 0.22). Gene set enrichment analyses (FDR < 0.2) based on phenotypic and genetic associations of protein abundances with subsequent disease resilience revealed many pathways related to the immune system that were unfavorably associated with subsequent disease resilience, especially the innate immune system. It was not possible to determine whether the observed levels of these proteins reflected baseline levels in these young and visually healthy pigs or were the result of a response to environmental disturbances that the pigs were exposed to before sample collection. Nevertheless, results show that, under these conditions, the abundance of proteins in some immune-related pathways can be used as phenotypic and genetic predictors of disease resilience and have the potential for use in pig breeding and management.
| S-EPMC9977353 | biostudies-literature