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An intelligent cross-border transaction system based on consortium blockchain: A case study in Shenzhen, China.

ABSTRACT: Cross-border transactions have been more and more popular around the world. However, the current cross-border transactions still have risks and challenges, e.g., differences in regulation policies and unbalanced profits of banks. To address this critical issue, we construct a new framework for the transaction system with the support of blockchain technology. In this paper, we propose a new consortium blockchain system, namely asymmetric consortium blockchain (ACB), to ensure the implementation of cross-border transactions. Different from traditional consortium blockchain, the new blockchain system could support the supernode to regulate all the transactions timely. Furthermore, the new smart contract is designed to lower the opportunity loss for each node and make the profits allocation system fairer. In the end, the numerical experiments were carried out based on the transactions of Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The results show that the proposed ACB system is efficient to make the profit allocation fairer for the participants and keep intelligent for the new cross-border transaction system.

SUBMITTER: Fu Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8189446 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectiveHypertension (HTN) is an important public health issue worldwide, associated with the rapid economic development and urbanisation over the last decades. This is especially the case in Shenzhen, which has benefited greatly from the reform and opening-up policies. However, there is limited information on the epidemiology of HTN in this region. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of HTN and the associated factors among adult residents in Shenzhen, China.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.ParticipantsThrough the multistage stratified random sampling method, a representative sample of 10 043 urban population aged ≥18 years were selected. Three consecutive blood pressure (BP) readings were measured after resting for a 5 min seat by trained staff and HTN was defined as mean systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or self-reported current use of antihypertensive drugs. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric details, BP, blood and urine samples were also collected.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of HTN.ResultsOverall, the weighted prevalence of HTN among residents in Shenzhen was 19.2% (95% CI 18.5 to 20.0). Among patients with HTN, 55.0% (95% CI 52.9 to 57.1) were aware of their condition and 44.9% (95% CI 42.8 to 47.1) were taking antihypertensive medications, but only 21.7% (95% CI 20.0 to 23.5) achieved BP control. Among those who knew their HTN, 81.7% (95% CI 79.3 to 83.8) were under treatment and 48.3% (95% CI 45.1 to 51.5) were controlled among those with treated HTN. Male, older age, lower educational level, overweight and obesity, family history of HTN, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and high uric acid were associated with HTN.ConclusionsHTN is a major public health concern in Shenzhen, which has low awareness, treatment and control rates, and is associated with several risk factors. Effective multifaceted implementation strategies are highly needed to combat the emerging burden of HTN.

Project description:Oysters are ecological engineers, and previous studies have examined their role as competent facilitators of ecological restoration. However, the decisive role of oysters in the aquatic environment is still debatable because oyster biodeposition (OBD) may also increase the nutrients enriched in sediments. In order to better interpret this problem, we sampled sediment cores from representative oyster culture areas and uncultured areas in Shenzhen Bay. The results have shown that the TOC (total organic carbon) and TN (total nitrogen) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at the surface sediment layer (0-20-cm deep) and the sediment layer (20-40-cm deep) of the oyster site compared with the reference site. The decreased TOC and TN were also observed at 60- to 100-cm sediment depth in the oyster site. This indicated that the OBD significantly impacted the concentration of TOC and TN in the sediment. To confirm the alleviative role of OBD, we conducted stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses, which further demonstrated the presence of heavier and less lighter forms of organic carbon and nitrogen sediment. The surface sediment layer (0-20 cm) at the oyster site showed 8% more δ13C‰ compared with the control site (p < 0.05), reflecting the reduction in the TOC. In order to reveal the potential microbial mechanisms involved in OBD, we performed a functional analysis using the Geochip5 advanced microarray technology. Regarding carbon metabolism, we observed that genes (encoding pullulanase, glucoamylase, exoglucanase, cellobiase, and xylanase) involved in the degradation of relatively labile C-based molecules (e.g., starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose) were highly represented in an experimental area (p < 0.05). In addition, microbes in the experimental area exhibited a greater capacity for degrading recalcitrant C (e.g., lignin), which involves glyoxal oxidase (glx), manganese peroxidase (mnp), and phenol oxidase. Among the genes controlling nitrogen metabolism, the genes involved in denitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and nitrification were differentially expressed compared with the control area. These results indicated that microbial metabolic roles might have enhanced the C/N-flux speed and reduced the overall nutrient status. We concluded that OBD alleviates sediment nutrient overload under oyster farming from a microbial ecological perspective in a rapidly urbanized coastal area.

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An intelligent cross-border transaction system based on consortium blockchain: A case study in Shenzhen, China.

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