External cervical resorption-a review of pathogenesis and potential predisposing factors.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chen Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8192751 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:INTRODUCTION:External cervical resorption (ECR) has been challenging for its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Its etiology and pathogenesis are largely unknown. This study characterized microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns of human tissues from ECR lesions and identified potential messenger RNA targets and pathways. METHODS:Granulomatous tissues from ECR (n = 5) and their adjacent nonaffected asymptomatic gingival connective tissues (n = 5) were collected. Similarly, chronic periodontitis (CP) and control samples were collected (n = 3). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array analysis compared the expression profiles of 88 miRNAs between diseases. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using the Student t test. Bioinformatics for messenger RNA (miRWalk) and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to identify predicted target genes and biological/cellular functions and signaling pathways. RESULTS:Three miRNAs (miR-20a-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-99a-4p) were significantly down-regulated and 1 miRNA (miR-122-5p) was significantly up-regulated in ECR (P < .05). One up-regulated and 1 down-regulated miRNA reached the significance threshold in CP. A comparison of miRNA expression in ECR and CP identified 3 differentially expressed miRNAs, indicating differences in disease pathobiology. Inflammation-associated Wnt, PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling, and bone formation-associated transforming growth factor beta pathways were identified and predicted to be modulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in both ECR and CP. Biological processes unique to each disease entity were identified, such as T- and B-cell receptor signaling pathways, osteoclast differentiation, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction for CP. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and insulin signaling pathways for ECR were identified. CONCLUSIONS:This proof-of-principle in vivo study indicated that ECR has both common and unique miRNA expression profiles in comparison with CP, which are predicted to target genes regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism of mineralized tissues.
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Project description:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia managed in clinical practice, and it is linked to an increased risk of death, stroke, and peripheral embolism. The Global Burden of Disease shows that the estimated prevalence of AF is up to 33.5 million patients. So far, successful therapeutic techniques have been implemented, with a high health-care cost burden. As a result, identifying modifiable risk factors for AF and suitable preventive measures may play a significant role in enhancing community health and lowering health-care system expenditures. Several mechanisms, including electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue, have been proposed to contribute to the development of AF. This review article discusses the predisposing factors in AF including the different pathogenic mechanisms, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary habits, as well as the potential genetic burden.
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Project description:Tooth roots embedded in the alveolar bone do not typically undergo resorption while the bone continues remodeling in its physiological state. In this study, we analyzed genetically modified mice with the functional inactivation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase 1 (Npp1), encoded by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1). This mutation leads to the formation of ectopic cervical cementum vulnerable to external tooth root resorption. Cementoblasts with the inactivation of Enpp1 extensively expressed non-collagenous matrix proteins enriched with bone sialoprotein (Bsp), dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), and osteopontin (Opn), which have roles in mineralization through nucleation and in cell adhesion through the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. In cementoblasts with the inactivation of Enpp1, β-catenin was significantly activated and induced the expression of these non-collagenous matrix proteins. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the most preferred substrate of Npp1, accumulated extracellularly and autocrinally induced the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (Rankl) in cementoblasts with inactivated Npp1. Consequently, these results strongly suggest that functional Npp1 preserves cervical cementum integrity and supports the anti-resorptive properties of tooth roots through ATP homeostasis in the physiological state of cervical cementum.
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Project description:Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile childhood inflammatory disease, associated with coronary artery abnormalities. The disease is believed to result from an aberrant inflammatory response to an infectious trigger in a genetically predisposed individual. KD is associated with an endothelial cell injury as a consequence of T cell activation and cytotoxic effects of various proinflammatory cytokines. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion and aspirin are the standard treatment of acute KD. However, 10-20% of patients show resistance to IVIG therapy and present higher risk of coronary vasculitis. The relative roles of second IVIG infusion, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, interleukin-1 antagonists and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents remain uncertain. In this review, we highlight the predisposing factors, pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of KD, particularly new therapeutics for IVIG-resistant patients.
| S-EPMC7185772 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a localized, subepithelial, supra-osseous resorptive process of the tooth. Although there are several predisposing factors associated with ICR, its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The damage to the protective layer on the external root surface appears to allow for the attachment of clastic cells and initiate the resorptive process, which is confined by the inner protective pericanalar resorption-resistant sheet surrounding the root canal space. The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is recommended for the diagnosis and assessment of a resorptive lesion. Based on the thorough evaluation of the size and location of the ICR lesion using CBCT, surgical or nonsurgical treatment can be chosen to address the source of the resorption. This review discusses the current status of knowledge regarding the biology of ICR lesions as well as their external or internal treatment using hydraulic calcium silicate-based materials. Future clinical outcome studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of hydraulic calcium silicate-based materials on the healing of ICR lesions.
| S-EPMC7557762 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As genetic variation accounts for two-thirds of the variation in external apical root resorption (EARR) concurrent with orthodontic treatment, we analyzed the association of selected genetic and treatment-related factors with EARR concurrent with orthodontic treatment.This case-control study of 134 unrelated, orthodontically treated Caucasian individuals was conducted in part at an Indiana Private Practice, Indiana University and the University of Kentucky.Utilizing a research data bank containing information from ~1450 orthodontically treated patients, pre- and post-treatment radiographs from 460 individuals were evaluated for EARR of the four permanent maxillary incisors. Sixty-seven unrelated Caucasians with moderate to severe EARR were identified and were age-/sex-matched with orthodontically treated Caucasian controls yielding 38 females and 29 males per group. Factors tested for an association with EARR included the following: 1) treatment duration, 2) extraction of maxillary premolars, 3) numerous cephalometric measurements, and 4) DNA polymorphisms within/near candidate genes in a pathway previously implicated in EARR such as the purinergic-receptor-P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2RX7; rs208294, rs1718119, and rs2230912), caspase-1 (CASP1; rs530537, rs580253, and rs554344), interleukin-1 beta (IL1B; rs1143634), interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A; rs1800587), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA; rs419598) genes. Stepwise logistic regression was utilized to identify the factors significantly associated (significance taken at or less than the layered Bonferroni correction alpha) with the occurrence of EARR.A long length of treatment and the presence of specific genotypes for P2RX7 SNP rs208294 were significantly associated with EARR.EARR occurrence was associated with both genetic and treatment-related variables, which together explained 25% of the total variation associated with EARR in the sample tested.
| S-EPMC4810020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:When orthodontic patients desire shorter treatment times with aesthetic results and long-term stability, it is important for the orthodontist to understand the potential limitations and problems that may arise during standard and/or technology-assisted accelerated treatment. Bone density plays an important role in facilitating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), such that reductions in bone density can significantly increase movement velocity. Lifestyle, genetic background, environmental factors, and disease status all can influence a patients' overall health and bone density. In some individuals, these factors may create specific conditions that influence systemic-wide bone metabolism. Both genetic variation and the onset of a bone-related disease can influence systemic bone density and local bone density, such as observed in the mandible and maxilla. These types of localized density changes can affect the rate of OTM and may also influence the risk of unwanted outcomes, i.e., the occurrence of dental external apical root resorption (EARR).
| S-EPMC5106316 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundExternal root resorption is a pathological process, which tends to occur following a wide range of mechanical or chemical stimuli such as infection, pressure, trauma or orthodontic tooth movement. Although it is predominantly detected by radiography, in some cases root resorption may be identified by clinical symptoms such as pain, swelling and mobility of the tooth. Treatment alternatives are case-dependent and aim to address the cause of the resorption and aid the regeneration of the resorptive lesion.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of any interventions that can be used in the management of external root resorption in permanent teeth.Search methodsThe following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 14 October 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, 2015, Issue 9), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 14 October 2015) and EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 14 October 2015). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases.Selection criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials of permanent teeth with any type of external root resorption, which has been confirmed by clinical and radiological examination, comparing one type of intervention (root canal medications and canal filling, splinting or extraction of teeth or the surgical removal of any relevant pathology) with another, or with placebo or no treatment.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors screened search records independently. Full papers were obtained for potentially relevant trials. If data had been extracted, the statistical guidelines set out in the Cochrane Handbook would have been followed.Main resultsNo randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were identified. However, we identified one ongoing study that is potentially relevant to this review and will be assessed when it is published.Authors' conclusionsWe were unable to identify any reports of randomised controlled trials regarding the efficacy of different interventions for the management of external root resorption. In view of the lack of reliable evidence on this topic, clinicians must decide on the most appropriate means of managing this condition according to their clinical experience with regard to patient-related factors. There is a need for well designed and conducted clinical trials on this topic, which conform to the CONSORT statement (www.consort-statement.org/).
| S-EPMC7185846 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The relationship between various factors predisposing to the formation of spondylolisthesis, including degenerative spondylolisthesis, has been analyzed by many authors. However, not all observations are consistent. In this review, we identified factors whose impact on the prevalence of spondylolisthesis was most often mentioned in the literature. These included gender, age, bone mineral density, ethnic origin, and oophorectomy. The results were inclusive in terms of physical activity, pregnancy status, and use of hormone replacement therapy. Associations between diabetes and smoking were very poorly marked. The literature so far has identified a number of factors significantly affecting the incidence of degenerative spondylolisthesis. These include age, gender, body weight, ethnic origin, bone mineral density, and hormonal balance. Radiological parameters, which include iliac crest, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis, may also be of great importance for assessing changes in the occurrence and progression. However, the authors do not agree on the real significance of individual factors. The aim of this review was to identify the factors predisposing to the formation of degenerative spondylolisthesis, the importance of which has been suggested in the current literature. The systematization of knowledge in this field can allow a more accurate adjustment of the treatment plan for each patient affected by this condition.
| S-EPMC10456558 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption.MethodologyThe protocol was prepared and registered on PROSPERO. Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all relevant articles and textbooks were manually searched.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were classified as low-quality studies (score <10), and nine studies were classified as high-quality studies.DiscussionThe results of the present review suggest that, although some authors have reported that genetic polymorphism may play a role in external apical root resorption, others have not supported this association. Future studies should be more consistent in their research methodologies to determine with clarity whether an association exists.ConclusionFuture investigations should include larger sample sizes with matching cases/controls, adjust for confounders, provide power calculation and odds ratios, and report genetic analyses with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The current investigation suggests guidelines and recommendations for future investigators studying genetic polymorphism in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
| S-EPMC8597325 | biostudies-literature