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Manipulating the soil microbiomes during a community recovery process with plant beneficial species for the suppression of Fusarium wilt of watermelon.

ABSTRACT: Fusarium wilt is a devastating disease which impacts watermelon production. Soil fumigation using dazomet followed by biological organic fertilizer was applied to suppress the Fusarium wilt disease. We propose that fumigation suppresses the soil indigenous community, especially the soil-borne pathogens, while the utilization of bio-organic fertilizer facilitates the recovery of the soil microbiome to a beneficial, suppressive state through the introduction of plant growth-promoting microorganisms. Greenhouse experiment showed that applied biological organic fertilizer after dazomet fumigation effective restrain the disease incidence with a 93.6% disease control. Fumigation strongly decreased soil microbial diversity and altered relative taxa abundances, suggesting the possibility of niche release by the resident soil microbial community. Fumigation followed by bio-fertilizer transformed the soil microbial community composition and resulted in higher relative abundances of beneficial microbial groups such as Bacillus (8.5%) and Trichoderma (13.5%), coupled with lower Fusarium abundance compared to other treatments. Network analysis illustrated that soil fumigation decreased interactions within the soil microbial community with less nodes and links while bio-fertilizer addition promoted node interactions. In addition, bio-fertilizer addition after fumigation resulted in the beneficial species becoming the key network connectors. Collectively, fumigation appears to release the resident soil niche resulting in lower diversity while the beneficial microbes introduced by bio-fertilizer addition colonize these niches, leading to a more complex community with fewer pathogens that suppresses Fusarium wilt disease incidence.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8197695 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Bacterial wilt is accompanied by microbial communities shift and soil acidification. However, the relationship between the changes of bacterial communities and bacterial wilt under the influence of different acidification levels has not been fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the abundance of Ralstonia solanacearum, rhizosphere bacterial communities and carbon metabolism at differently acidic levels (pH 6.45, pH 5.60, pH 5.35, pH 4.90 and pH 4.45) and soil amendment treatment (CaO). The results indicated that both the abundance of R. solanacearum and the incidence of bacterial wilt showed a significant trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of soil pH. The Firmicutes phylum and potentially beneficial genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were significantly enriched at pH 6.45. The metabolic ability in response to the l-arginine and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was significantly increased at pH 6.45. After using CaO to increase the pH of diseased soil from 5.45 to 6.05, the abundance of R. solanacearum and the incidence of bacterial wilt were significantly reduced, the Firmicutes and potentially beneficial genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas were significantly enriched. Overall, alleviating soil acidification to a slightly acidic level (pH 6.0-6.5) could suppress bacterial wilt by suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum and enriching the rhizosphere potentially beneficial bacteria, and further emphasized the importance of increasing soil pH in biological control of bacterial wilt. IMPORTANCE The rhizosphere microbiota and soil acidification have been shown to have impacts on bacterial wilt. However, the influence of different acidification levels on the rhizosphere communities and bacterial wilt has not been fully studied. In this study, the potentially beneficial bacteria (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) were significantly enriched in the slightly acidic soil (pH 6.45), leading to the increase of the metabolism of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the decrease of pathogenic R. solanacearum, thereby alleviating the occurrence of bacterial wilt. The changes of potentially beneficial bacteria and pathogenic R. solanacearum in strongly acidic soil (pH 5.35) with the highest incidence of bacterial wilt were just the opposite. These findings help clarify the mechanisms by which soil bacteria exert influence on bacterial wilt outbreak under different soil acidification levels.

Project description:Disease-suppressive soils are soils in which specific soil-borne plant pathogens cause only limited disease although the pathogen and susceptible host plants are both present. Suppressiveness is in most cases of microbial origin. We conducted a comparative metabarcoding analysis of the taxonomic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities from suppressive and non-suppressive (conducive) soils as regards Fusarium wilts sampled from the Châteaurenard region (France). Bioassays based on Fusarium wilt of flax confirmed that disease incidence was significantly lower in the suppressive soil than in the conducive soil. Furthermore, we succeeded in partly transferring Fusarium wilt-suppressiveness to the conducive soil by mixing 10% (w/w) of the suppressive soil into the conducive soil. Fungal diversity differed significantly between the suppressive and conducive soils. Among dominant fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated to known genera, 17 OTUs were detected exclusively in the suppressive soil. These OTUs were assigned to the Acremonium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Ceratobasidium, Mortierella, Penicillium, Scytalidium, and Verticillium genera. Additionally, the relative abundance of specific members of the bacterial community was significantly higher in the suppressive and mixed soils than in the conducive soil. OTUs found more abundant in Fusarium wilt-suppressive soils were affiliated to the bacterial genera Adhaeribacter, Massilia, Microvirga, Rhizobium, Rhizobacter, Arthrobacter, Amycolatopsis, Rubrobacter, Paenibacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Geobacter. Several of the fungal and bacterial genera detected exclusively or more abundantly in the Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil included genera known for their activity against F. oxysporum. Overall, this study supports the potential role of known fungal and bacterial genera in Fusarium wilt suppressive soils from Châteaurenard and pinpoints new bacterial and fungal genera for their putative role in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness.

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Manipulating the soil microbiomes during a community recovery process with plant beneficial species for the suppression of Fusarium wilt of watermelon.

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