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Gibberellin Increases the Bud Yield and Theanine Accumulation in Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze.

ABSTRACT: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most important cash crops in the world. Theanine, as an important amino acid component in tea, is a key quality index for excellent tea quality and high economic value. People increase theanine accumulation in tea mainly through the application of nitrogen fertilizer, shading and pruning. However, these methods are not effective. In this study, we treated tea buds with a 100 μM solution of GA₃ containing 1‰ tween-20, investigated the effects of GA₃ on theanine accumulation, bud yield, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and expression level of theanine biosynthesis pathway genes in tea plant by qPCR, LC-MS/MS etc. Results showed that change trends of theanine and GA₃ was extremely positively correlated with each other. Exogenous GA₃ upregulated the expression level of theanine biosynthesis pathway genes, caused an increase of theanine content (mg·g^-1) by 27% in tea leaves compared with Mock, and accelerated the germination of buds and elongation of shoots, which lead to a significant increase of tea yield by 56% (w/w). Moreover, the decrease of chlorophyll contents, photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and relative electron transport rate (rETR) under GA₃ treatment suggested that GA₃ reduced photosynthesis in the tender tea leaves, indicating that the decline of carbon assimilation in tea plants was conducive to the nitrogen metabolism, and it was beneficial to the accumulation of theanine. This study provided a new technical and theoretical support for the precise control of tea quality components and phenophase.

SUBMITTER: Li W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8198828 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CsGDH2.1 negatively regulates theanine accumulation in late-spring tea plants (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis).

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Seasonal Theanine Accumulation and Related Gene Expression in the Roots and Leaf Buds of Tea Plants (Camellia Sinensis L.).

Project description:Theanine, a unique and abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in tea, confers to the tea infusion its umami taste and multiple health benefits. Its content in new tea shoots is dynamic in winter and spring. However, its seasonal accumulation pattern and the underlying regulation mechanism of tea plants remain largely unknown. In this study, we measured the theanine contents in the roots and leaf buds of 13 tea cultivars at four time points from winter to spring (Dec. 12, Mar. 1, Mar. 23, and Apr. 13). We found theanine accumulated significantly in the roots to as high as ∼6% dry weight. We found theanine content in the roots was constant or slightly decreased on Mar. 1 compared with Dec.12 but increased consistently on Mar. 23 and then decreased on Apr. 13 in all 13 cultivars. In the leaf buds, theanine content kept increasing from Mar. 1 to Mar. 23 and decreasing from Apr. 13 in most of the 13 cultivars, meaning it was probably both season- and developmental stage-dependent. The expression of theanine biosynthesis and amino acid transporter genes in the roots and buds at the four time points was then examined. The correlation analyses between the gene expression and theanine content suggested the expression of theanine-biosynthesis genes was generally and negatively correlated with theanine content; however, the expression of amino acid transporter genes including CsLHT was generally and positively correlated with theanine contents. Finally, we showed that CsLHT has theanine transport activity. Taken together, this study provided insight into the seasonal regulation of theanine biosynthesis and transport in tea plants during winter and spring.

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Haem Oxygenase 1 is a potential target for creating etiolated/albino tea plants (Camellia sinensis) with high theanine accumulation.

Project description:Theanine content is highly correlated with sensory quality and health benefits of tea infusion. The tender shoots of etiolated and albino tea plants contain higher theanine than the normal green tea plants and are valuable materials for high quality green tea processing. However, why these etiolated or albino tea plants can highly accumulate theanine is largely unknown. In this study, we observed an Arabidopsis etiolated mutant hy1-100 (mutation in Haem Oxygenase 1, HO1) that accumulated higher levels of glutamine (an analog of theanine). We therefore identified CsHO1 in tea plants and found CsHO1 is conserved in amino acid sequences and subcellular localization with its homologs in other plants. Importantly, CsHO1 expression in the new shoots was much lower in an etiolated tea plants 'Huangkui' and an albino tea plant 'Huangshan Baicha' than that in normal green tea plants. The expression levels of CsHO1 were negatively correlated with theanine contents in these green, etiolated and albino shoots. Moreover, CsHO1 expression levels in various organs and different time points were also negatively correlated with theanine accumulation. The hy1-100 was hypersensitive to high levels of theanine and accumulated more theanine under theanine feeding, and these phenotypes were rescued by the expression of CsHO1 in this mutant. Transient knockdown CsHO1 expression in the new shoots of tea plant using antisense oligonucleotides (asODN) increased theanine accumulation. Collectively, these results demonstrated CsHO1 negatively regulates theanine accumulation in tea plants, and that low expression CsHO1 likely contributes to the theanine accumulation in etiolated/albino tea plants.

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