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Acute Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Increases Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans.

ABSTRACT: Background Diesel exhaust (DE) emissions are a major contributor to ambient air pollution and are strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Exposure to traffic-related particulate matter is linked with acute adverse cardiovascular events; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. We examined the role of the autonomic nervous system during exposure to DE that has previously only been indirectly investigated. Methods and Results Using microneurography, we measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) directly in the peroneal nerve of 16 healthy individuals. MSNA, heart rate, and respiration were recorded while subjects rested breathing filtered air, filtered air with an exposure mask, and standardized diluted DE (300 µg/m³) through the exposure mask. Heart rate variability was assessed from an ECG. DE inhalation rapidly causes an increase in number of MSNA bursts as well as the size of bursts within 10 minutes, peaking by 30 minutes (P<0.001), compared with baseline filtered air with an exposure mask. No significant changes occurred in heart rate variability indices during DE exposure; however, MSNA frequency correlated negatively with total power (r²=0.294, P=0.03) and low frequency (r²=0.258, P=0.045). Heart rate correlated positively with MSNA frequency (r²=0.268, P=0.04) and the change in percentage of larger bursts (burst amplitude, height >50% of the maximum burst) from filtered air with an exposure mask (r²=0.368, P=0.013). Conclusions Our study provides direct evidence for the rapid modulation of the autonomic nervous system after exposure to DE, with an increase in MSNA. The quick increase in sympathetic outflow may explain the strong epidemiological data associating traffic-related particulate matter to acute adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02892279.

SUBMITTER: Rankin GD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8200707 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundWith the exception of lung cancer, the health effects associated with diesel exhaust for other cancers and nonmalignant health outcomes are not well understood.ObjectivesWe extended the mortality follow-up of the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study, a cohort study of 12,315 workers, by 18 y (ending 31 December 2015), more than doubling the number of observed deaths to n=4,887, to evaluate associations between mortality and diesel exhaust exposure.MethodsQuantitative estimates of historical exposure to respirable elemental carbon (REC), a surrogate for diesel exhaust, were created for all jobs, by year and facility, using measurements collected from each mine, as well as historical measurements. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for the entire cohort and by worker location (surface, underground).ResultsWe observed an excess of death for cancers of the lung, trachea, and bronchus (n=409; SMR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.37). Among workers who ever worked underground, where the majority of diesel exposure occurred, excess deaths were evident for lung, trachea, and bronchus cancers (n=266; SMR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.42). Several nonmalignant diseases were associated with excess mortality among workers ever-employed underground, including ischemic heart disease (SMR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.16), cerebrovascular disease (SMR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.43), and nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory system (SMR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.26). Continuous 15-y lagged cumulative REC exposure <1,280 μg/m3-y was associated with increased lung cancer risk (HR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.24, 3.03), but the risk declined at the highest exposures (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 0.74, 2.26). We also observed a significant trend in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk with increasing 20-y lagged cumulative REC (HRTertile3 vs. Tertile1=3.12; 95% CI: 1.00, 9.79; p-trend=0.031).DiscussionIncreased risks of lung cancer mortality observed in the original study were sustained. Observed associations between diesel exposure and risk of death from NHL and the excesses in deaths for diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular system, including ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, warrant further study and provide evidence of the potential widespread public health impact of diesel exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12840.

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Acute Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Increases Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans.

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