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Olive leaf extract prevents obesity, cognitive decline, and depression and improves exercise capacity in mice.

ABSTRACT: Obesity is a risk factor for development of metabolic diseases and cognitive decline; therefore, obesity prevention is of paramount importance. Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying cognitive decline. Olive leaf extract contains large amounts of oleanolic acid, a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonist, and oleuropein, an antioxidant. Activation of TGR5 results in enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, which suggests that olive leaf extract may help prevent cognitive decline through its mitochondrial and antioxidant effects. Therefore, we investigated olive leaf extract's effects on obesity, cognitive decline, depression, and endurance exercise capacity in a mouse model. In physically inactive mice fed a high-fat diet, olive leaf extract administration suppressed increases in fat mass and body weight and prevented cognitive declines, specifically decreased working memory and depressive behaviors. Additionally, olive leaf extract increased endurance exercise capacity under atmospheric and hypoxic conditions. Our study suggests that these promising effects may be related to oleanolic acid's improvement of mitochondrial function and oleuropein's increase of antioxidant capacity.

SUBMITTER: Mikami T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8203715 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exercise prevents obesity-induced cognitive decline and white matter damage in mice.

Project description:Obesity in the western world has reached epidemic proportions, and yet the long-term effects on brain health are not well understood. To address this, we performed transcriptional profiling of brain regions from a mouse model of western diet (WD)-induced obesity. Both the cortex and hippocampus from C57BL/6J (B6) mice fed either a WD or a control diet from 2 months of age to 12 months of age (equivalent to midlife in a human population) were profiled. Gene set enrichment analyses predicted that genes involved in myelin generation, inflammation, and cerebrovascular health were differentially expressed in brains from WD-fed compared to control diet-fed mice. White matter damage and cerebrovascular decline were evident in brains from WD-fed mice using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. At the cellular level, the WD caused an increase in the numbers of oligodendrocytes and myeloid cells suggesting that a WD is perturbing myelin turnover. Encouragingly, cerebrovascular damage and white matter damage were prevented by exercising WD-fed mice despite mice still gaining a significant amount of weight. Collectively, these data show that chronic consumption of a WD in B6 mice causes obesity, neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular and white matter damage, but these potentially damaging effects can be prevented by modifiable risk factors such as exercise.

| S-EPMC7846054 | biostudies-literature

Olive leaf extract supplementation improves the vascular and metabolic alterations associated with aging in Wistar rats.

Project description:Olive leaves are rich in bioactive substances which exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, insulin-sensitizing and antihypertensive effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of an olive leaf extract (OLE) rich in secoiridoids and phenolic compounds on the aging-induced metabolic and vascular alterations. Three experimental groups of rats were used: 3-month-old rats, 24-month-old rats and 24-month-old rats supplemented 21 days with OLE (100 mg/kg). Administration of OLE to aged rats decreased the weight of adrenal glands and prevented the aging-induced loss of body weight and muscle mass. In the serum, OLE reduced the circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol and IL-6 and increased the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin. In the liver OLE attenuated the decreased gene expression of SOD-1, GSR, GCK and GSK-3β and reduced the aging-induced overexpression of NOX-4, Alox-5, iNOS and TNF-α. In aorta segments, OLE prevented endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance and improved vasoconstriction in response to KCl and NA. Improvement in vascular function was associated with the attenuation of the alterations in the gene expression of COX-2, IL-6, GPx, NOX-1 and IL-10. In conclusion, OLE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in aged rats and attenuates the alterations in vascular function associated with aging.

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Exercise during pregnancy prevents parental obesity-induced decline of metabolic function in adult offspring

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2021-07-30 | GSE144112 | GEO

Exercise during pregnancy prevents parental obesity-induced decline of metabolic function in adult offspring [RNA-Seq]

Project description:It is known that both maternal and paternal health/disease can influence the early development and later metabolic homeostasis of the offspring. We investigated whether maternal exercise during gestation alone could protect the offspring from the adverse effects of either maternal or paternal obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD). To understand the underlying mechanisms we performed transcriptomics, whole-genome DNA methylation and targeted DNA methylation analysis at the metabolic master regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator-1a (Pgc-1a) promoter in the adult offspring skeletal muscle. Both maternal and paternal HFD resulted in impaired glucose tolerance in the offspring at 9 months of age. Maternal exercise during gestation completely mitigated this metabolic impairment induced by either maternal or paternal HFD. Adult offspring exposed to either maternal or paternal HFD without exercise during gestation had skeletal muscle transcriptional profiles enriched in genes regulating inflammation and immune responses, whereas maternal exercise resulted in a transcriptional profile that was more similar to control offspring from normal chow fed parents. Changes in promoter and CpG DNA methylation were detected between the groups but did not explain the transcriptional changes. Maternal HFD increased methylation of the Pgc-1α promoter at CpG -260, which was prevented by maternal exercise. Paternal HFD did not affect the methylation of the Pgc-1α promoter. These findings demonstrate the negative consequences of maternal and paternal obesity for the offspring’s metabolic outcomes later in life and the clear benefits of maternal exercise during gestation. The mechanisms involve transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle likely through multiple types of epigenetic modifications.

2021-07-30 | GSE144109 | GEO

Exercise during pregnancy prevents parental obesity-induced decline of metabolic function in adult offspring [Bisulfite-Seq]

2021-07-30 | GSE144111 | GEO

Effect of olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein on the quality of virgin olive oil.

Project description:Effect of olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein on the quality of virgin olive oil was investigated. After extracting the dried and ground olive leaves with the assistance of homogenizer, the dried extract was partially dissolved into the oil to increase the oxidative stability of the oil. A face central composite design through response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of enrichment conditions (extract content, time and mixing speed) on the responses, total phenolic content and oleuropein concentration of the enriched olive oil. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of the oil was determined by 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt method. Additionally, oxidative stability of the enriched oil was assessed by the Rancimat method. Total carotenoid content, peroxide value, α-tocopherol and chlorophyll were also measured, respectively. Addition of 0.15% natural antioxidant increased the stability of the oil (≈46%). The antioxidant capacity of the enriched oil was almost 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated oil. Furthermore, olive leaf extract improved the quality of the virgin olive oil with respect to tocopherol, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents and peroxide value, respectively. The leaf sampling was also performed both in the autumn and summer to evaluate the possible seasonal effects on phenolic profile in order to be careful for selecting the proper harvesting time to apply the extract into the oil.

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Supplementation with <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Jingzaojing Leaf and Shoot Extract Improves Exercise Endurance in Mice.

Project description:Switching myofibers from the fast-glycolytic type to the slow-oxidative type is associated with an alleviation of the symptoms associated with various cardiometabolic diseases. This study investigates the effect of Vitis vinifera Jingzaojing leaf and shoot extract (JLSE), which is rich in phenolic compounds, on the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber-type switching, as well as the associated underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6N mice were supplemented orally with vehicle or JLSE (300 mg/kg) and subjected to treadmill exercise training. After four weeks, mice in the JLSE-supplemented group showed significantly improved exercise endurance and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. JLSE supplementation increased the expression of sirtuin 6 and decreased Sox6 expression, thereby elevating the number of mitochondria and encouraging fast-to-slow myofiber switching. The results of our experiments suggest that JLSE supplementation reprograms myofiber composition to favor the slow oxidative type, ultimately enhancing exercise endurance.

| S-EPMC9573418 | biostudies-literature

Cancer Glycolytic Dependence as a New Target of Olive Leaf Extract.

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Transcriptomics of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Treated With Olive Leaf Extract.

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Polylactide Films with the Addition of Olive Leaf Extract-Physico-Chemical Characterization.

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