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Virus Inactivation in Water Using Laser-Induced Graphene Filters.

ABSTRACT: Interest in the pathogenesis, detection, and prevention of viral infections has increased broadly in many fields of research over the past year. The development of water treatment technology to combat viral infection by inactivation or disinfection might play a key role in infection prevention in places where drinking water sources are biologically contaminated. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has antimicrobial and antifouling surface effects mainly because of its electrochemical properties and texture, and LIG-based water filters have been used for the inactivation of bacteria. However, the antiviral activity of LIG-based filters has not yet been explored. Here we show that LIG filters also have antiviral effects by applying electrical potential during filtration of the model prototypic poxvirus Vaccinia lister. This antiviral activity of the LIG filters was compared with its antibacterial activity, which showed that higher voltages were required for the inactivation of viruses compared to that of bacteria. The generation of reactive oxygen species, along with surface electrical effects, played a role in the mechanism of virus inactivation. This new property of LIG highlights its potential for use in water and wastewater treatment for the electrochemical disinfection of various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses.

SUBMITTER: Barbhuiya NH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8226673 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has gained preponderance in recent years, as a very attractive material for the fabrication and patterning of graphitic structures and electrodes, for multiple applications in electronics. Typically, polymeric substrates, such as polyimide, have been used as precursor materials, but other organic, more sustainable, and accessible precursor materials have emerged as viable alternatives, including cellulose substrates. However, these substrates have lacked the conductive and chemical properties achieved by conventional LIG precursor substrates and have not been translated into fully flexible, wearable scenarios. In this work, we expand the conductive properties of paper-based LIG, by boosting the graphitization potential of paper, through the introduction of external aromatic moieties and meticulous control of laser fluence. Colored wax printing over the paper substrates introduces aromatic chemical structures, allowing for the synthesis of LIG chemical structures with sheet resistances as low as 5 Ω·sq-1, translating to an apparent conductivity as high as 28.2 S·cm-1. Regarding chemical properties, ID/IG ratios of 0.28 showcase low defect densities of LIG chemical structures and improve on previous reports on paper-based LIG, where sheet resistance has been limited to values around 30 Ω·sq-1, with more defect dense and less crystalline chemical structures. With these improved properties, a simple transfer methodology was developed, based on a water-induced peel-off process that efficiently separates patterned LIG structures from the native paper substrates to conformable, flexible substrates, harnessing the multifunctional capabilities of LIG toward multiple applications in wearable electronics. Proof-of concept electrodes for electrochemical sensors, strain sensors, and in-plane microsupercapacitors were patterned, transferred, and characterized, using paper as a high-value LIG precursor for multiples scenarios in wearable technologies, for improved sustainability and accessibility of such applications.

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Virus Inactivation in Water Using Laser-Induced Graphene Filters.

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