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Magnetically Controlled Carbonate Nanocomposite with Ciprofloxacin for Biofilm Eradication.

ABSTRACT: Biofilms are the reason for a vast majority of chronic inflammation cases and most acute inflammation. The treatment of biofilms still is a complicated task due to the low efficiency of drug delivery and high resistivity of the involved bacteria to harmful factors. Here we describe a magnetically controlled nanocomposite with a stimuli-responsive release profile based on calcium carbonate and magnetite with an encapsulated antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) that can be used to solve this problem. The material magnetic properties allowed targeted delivery, accumulation, and penetration of the composite in the biofilm, as well as the rapid triggered release of the entrapped antibiotic. Under the influence of an RF magnetic field with a frequency of 210 kHz, the composite underwent a phase transition from vaterite into calcite and promoted the release of ciprofloxacin. The effectiveness of the composite was tested against formed biofilms of E. coli and S. aureus and showed a 71% reduction in E. coli biofilm biomass and an 85% reduction in S. aureus biofilms. The efficiency of the composite with entrapped ciprofloxacin was higher than for the free antibiotic in the same concentration, up to 72%. The developed composite is a promising material for the treatment of biofilm-associated inflammations.

SUBMITTER: Rumyantceva V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8229197 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Magnetically driven robots can perform complex functions in biological settings with minimal destruction. However, robots designed to damage deleterious biostructures could also have important impact. In particular, there is an urgent need for new strategies to eradicate bacterial biofilms as we approach a post-antibiotic era. Biofilms are intractable and firmly attached structures ubiquitously associated with drug-resistant infections and destruction of surfaces. Existing treatments are inadequate to both kill and remove bacteria leading to reinfection. Here we design catalytic antimicrobial robots (CARs) that precisely and controllably kill, degrade and remove biofilms with remarkable efficiency. CARs exploit iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with dual catalytic-magnetic functionality that (i) generate bactericidal free radicals, (ii) breakdown the biofilm exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix, and (iii) remove the fragmented biofilm debris via magnetic field driven robotic assemblies. We develop two distinct CAR platforms. The first platform, the biohybrid CAR, is formed from NPs and biofilm degradation products. After catalytic bacterial killing and EPS disruption, magnetic field gradients assemble NPs and the biodegraded products into a plow-like superstructure. When driven with an external magnetic field, the biohybrid CAR completely removes biomass in a controlled manner, preventing biofilm regrowth. Biohybrid CARs can be swept over broad swathes of surface or can be moved over well-defined paths for localized removal with microscale precision. The second platform, the 3D molded CAR, is a polymeric soft robot with embedded catalytic-magnetic NPs, formed in a customized 3D printed mold to perform specific tasks in enclosed domains. Vane-shaped CARs remove biofilms from curved walls of cylindrical tubes, and helicoid-shaped CARs drill through biofilm clogs, while simultaneously killing bacteria. In addition, we demonstrate applications of CARs to target highly confined anatomical surfaces in the interior of human teeth. These 'kill-degrade-and-remove' CARs systems could have significant impact in fighting persistent biofilm-infections and in mitigating biofouling of medical devices and diverse surfaces.

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Magnetically Controlled Carbonate Nanocomposite with Ciprofloxacin for Biofilm Eradication.

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