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Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets.

ABSTRACT: Amino acids serve not only as building blocks for proteins, but also as substrates for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight substances involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. In the present study, eighteen weaned female piglets at 35 days of age were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP), respectively. We found that 17% or 20% CP administration reduced the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, while enhanced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in serum. Western blot analysis showed that piglets in the 20% CP group had higher protein abundance of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), as compared with other groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBPF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were lower in the 17% or 20% CP group, compared with those of the piglets administered with 14% CP. Of note, the mRNA level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACα) was lower in the 17% CP group, compared with other groups. Additionally, the mRNA level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha α (PPARα), glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PKC1) in the liver of piglets in the 20% CP group were higher than those of the 14% CP group. Collectively, our results demonstrated that dietary CP could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism through altering hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Liu N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8235084 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary Ferulic Acid Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Piglets.

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Hepatic lipid metabolism is affected by a daily 3-meal pattern with varying dietary crude protein with a pig model.

Project description:The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 3 meals administered daily with varying dietary crude protein (CP) contents on hepatic lipid metabolism with a pig model. Pigs were divided into 3 groups according to the following feeding patterns: feeding a basal CP diet 3 times daily (3C); feeding a high CP diet for breakfast, the basal CP diet for lunch, and a low CP diet for dinner (HCL); and feeding the low CP diet for breakfast, the basal CP diet for lunch, and the high protein diet for dinner (LCH). Three groups took equivalent diet per meal ensuring that every pig was fed with similar dietary formulae daily. Results showed that HCL feeding pattern reduced the relative kidney weight (P < 0.05), and LCH feeding pattern increased the relative liver weight of pigs (P < 0.05) when compared with those in the 3C group. Plasma urea nitrogen (P < 0.01) and lipase (P < 0.05) decreased in the HCL group but increased in the LCH group. Both HCL and LCH feeding patterns reduced plasma triglycerides (P < 0.01), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (P < 0.01), and hepatic crude fat (0.05 < P < 0.10) of pigs. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that dynamic feeding patterns down-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA level of lipid metabolism related genes, including adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCα), liver X receptor (LXRα) in the liver, and negatively regulate elements of circadian clock, including period 1 (Per1), period 2 (Per2), cryptochrome (Cry2), which in turn, upregulated (P < 0.05) the protein expression of positive regulate element brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1) when compared with 3C group. Overall, our findings suggested that dynamic feeding patterns may affect hepatic lipid metabolism via regulation of the circadian clock.

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2014-05-01 | GSE48050 | GEO

Suckling piglets: Control vs. weaned piglets

2014-05-01 | E-GEOD-48050 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Performance, feed utilization, and hepatic metabolic response of weaned juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.): effects of dietary lipid level and source.

Project description:Two trials were performed using extruded diets as on-growing feeds for weaned Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; ABT) to establish adequate dietary levels of both lipid and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), and impacts on lipid metabolism via liver gene expression. In trial A, ABT were fed with either a commercial feed (Magokoro®; MGK) as a reference diet or two experimental feeds differing in lipid levels (15 or 20%) using krill oil (KO) as the single lipid source in order to estimate suitable lipid content. Fish fed MGK displayed the highest growth, followed by 15KO, and therefore a dietary lipid content of 15% was considered preferable to 20% at this stage. In trial B, fish were fed MGK, 15KO, or a feed containing 15% lipid with a blend of KO and rapeseed oil (RO) (1:1, v/v; 15KORO). Fish fed 15KO and 15KORO showed no difference in weight gain, specific growth rate, and fork length. Increasing dietary lipid level or including vegetable oil, RO, in the feeds did not increase liver lipid content. Liver fatty acid compositions largely reflected dietary profiles confirming very limited endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Liver of ABT fed 15KO and 20KO displayed the highest contents of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The hepatic expression of genes encoding enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolism, as well as genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, showed that many of these genes were regulated by dietary lipid and LC-PUFA content. Results suggested that ABT juveniles can be on-grown on inert dry feeds that support good fish growth and the accumulation of DHA.

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