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The First Female Dry Immersion (NAIAD-2020): Design and Specifics of a 3-Day Study.

ABSTRACT: This article describes procedures and some results of the first study of females undergoing 3-day Dry Immersion. The experiment "NAIAD-2020" was carried out at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow, Russia) with the participation of six healthy women volunteers (age 30.17 ± 5.5 years, height 1.66 ± 0.1 m, weight 62.05 ± 8.4 kg, BMI 22.39 ± 2.2 kg/m²) with a natural menstrual cycle. During the study, a standard protocol was used, the same as for men, with a minimum period of time spent outside the immersion bath. Before, during and after Immersion, 22 experiments were carried out aimed at studying the neurophysiological, functional, metabolic and psychophysiological functions of the body, the results of which will be presented in future publications. The total time outside the bath for women did not exceed that for men. Systolic and diastolic pressure did not significantly change during the immersion. In the first 24 h after the end of the immersion, heart rate was significantly higher than the background values [F(4,20) = 14.67; P < 0.0001]. Changes in body temperature and water balance were consistent with the patterns found in men. No significant changes in height and weight were found during immersion. All women reported general discomfort and pain in the abdomen and back. The results of this study did not find significant risks to women's health and showed the feasibility of using this model of the effects of space flight in women of reproductive age.

SUBMITTER: Tomilovskaya E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8236811 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Dry immersion (DI) is a Russian-developed, ground-based model to study the physiological effects of microgravity. It accurately reproduces environmental conditions of weightlessness, such as enhanced physical inactivity, suppression of hydrostatic pressure and supportlessness. We aimed to study the integrative physiological responses to a 3-day strict DI protocol in 12 healthy men, and to assess the extent of multi-system deconditioning. We recorded general clinical data, biological data and evaluated body fluid changes. Cardiovascular deconditioning was evaluated using orthostatic tolerance tests (Lower Body Negative Pressure + tilt and progressive tilt). Metabolic state was tested with oral glucose tolerance test. Muscular deconditioning was assessed via muscle tone measurement. Results: Orthostatic tolerance time dropped from 27 ± 1 to 9 ± 2 min after DI. Significant impairment in glucose tolerance was observed. Net insulin response increased by 72 ± 23% on the third day of DI compared to baseline. Global leg muscle tone was approximately 10% reduced under immersion. Day-night changes in temperature, heart rate and blood pressure were preserved on the third day of DI. Day-night variations of urinary K+ diminished, beginning at the second day of immersion, while 24-h K+ excretion remained stable throughout. Urinary cortisol and melatonin metabolite increased with DI, although within normal limits. A positive correlation was observed between lumbar pain intensity, estimated on the second day of DI, and mean 24-h urinary cortisol under DI. In conclusion, DI represents an accurate and rapid model of gravitational deconditioning. The extent of glucose tolerance impairment may be linked to constant enhanced muscle inactivity. Muscle tone reduction may reflect the reaction of postural muscles to withdrawal of support. Relatively modest increases in cortisol suggest that DI induces a moderate stress effect. In prospect, this advanced ground-based model is extremely suited to test countermeasures for microgravity-induced deconditioning and physical inactivity-related pathologies.

Project description:Introduction: A decrease in sleep quality and duration during space missions has repeatedly been reported. However, the exact causes that underlie this effect remain unclear. In space, sleep might be impacted by weightlessness and its influence on cardiovascular function. In this study, we aimed at exploring the changes of night sleep architecture during prolonged, 21-day Dry Immersion (DI) as one of the ground-based models for microgravity studies and comparing them with adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system. Methods: Ten healthy young men were exposed to DI for 21 days. The day before (baseline, B-1), on the 3rd (DI3), 10th (DI10), and 19th (DI19) day of DI, as well as in the recovery period, 1 day after the end of DI (R + 1), they were subjected to overnight polysomnography (PSG) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results: On DI3, when the most severe back pain occurred due to the effects of DI on the spine and back muscles, the PSG data showed dramatically disorganized sleep architecture. Sleep latency, the number of awakenings, and the duration of wake after sleep onset (WASO) were significantly increased compared with the B-1. Furthermore, the sleep efficiency, duration of rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and duration of non-rapid eye movement stage 2 decreased. On DI10, subjective pain ratings declined to 0 and sleep architecture returned to the baseline values. On DI19, the REM duration increased and continued to rise on R + 1. An increase in REM was accompanied by rising in a nighttime heart rate (HR), which also shows the most significant changes after the end of DI. On DI19 and R + 1, the REM duration showed opposite correlations with the BP parameters: on DI19 it was negatively associated with the systolic BP (SBP), and on R + 1 it was positively correlated with the diastolic BP (DBP). Conclusion: An increase in REM at the end of DI and in recovery might be associated with regulatory changes in the cardiovascular system, in particular, with the reorganization of the peripheral and central blood flow in response to environmental changes.

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The First Female Dry Immersion (NAIAD-2020): Design and Specifics of a 3-Day Study.

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