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Stable sol-gel hydroxyapatite coating on zirconia dental implant for improved osseointegration.

ABSTRACT: Aside from being known for its excellent mechanical properties and aesthetic effect, zirconia has recently attracted attention as a new dental implant material. Many studies have focused on hydroxyapatite (HA) coating for obtaining improved biocompatibility, however the coating stability was reduced by a byproduct produced during the high-temperature sintering process. In this study, to overcome this problem, we simply coated the zirconia surface with a sol-gel-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) layer and then sintered it at a varied temperature (<1000 °C). The surface showed a nanoporous structure, and there was no crystalline phase other than HA and zirconia when the sintering temperature was 800 °C. The adhesion strength of the HA layer (>40 MPa) was also appropriate as a dental implant application. In addition, in vitro cell experiments using a preosteoblast cell line revealed that the HA-coated zirconia surface acts as a preferable surface for cell attachment and proliferation than bare zirconia surface. In vivo animal experiments also demonstrated that the osteoconductivity of zirconia were dramatically enhanced by HA coating, which was comparable to that of Ti implant. These results suggest that the sol-gel-based HA-coated zirconia has a great potential for use as a dental implant material.

SUBMITTER: Kim J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8245356 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated metals are biocompatible composites, which have potential for various applications for bone replacement and regeneration in the human body. In this study, we proposed the design of biocompatible, flexible composite implants by using a metal mesh as substrate and HA coating as bone regenerative stimulant derived from a simple sol-gel method. Experiments were performed to understand the effect of coating method (dip-coating and drop casting), substrate material (titanium and stainless steel) and substrate mesh characteristics (mesh size, weave pattern) on implant's performance. HA-coated samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, field-emission scanning electron microscope, nanoindenter, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and biocompatibility test. Pure or biphasic nanorod HA coating was obtained on mesh substrates with thicknesses varying from 4.0 to 7.9 μm. Different coating procedures and number of layers did not affect crystal structure, shape, or most intense plane reflections of the HA coating. Moduli of elasticity below 18.5 GPa were reported for HA-coated samples, falling within the range of natural skull bone. Coated samples led to at least 90% cell viability and up to 99.5% extracellular matrix coverage into a 3-dimensional network (16.4% to 76.5% higher than bare substrates). Fluorescent imaging showed no antagonistic effect of the coatings on osteogenic differentiation. Finer mesh size enhanced coating coverage and adhesion, but a low number of HA layers was preferable to maintain open mesh areas promoting extracellular matrix formation. Finally, electrochemical behavior studies revealed that, although corrosion protection for HA-coated samples was generally higher than bare samples, galvanic corrosion occurred on some samples. Overall, the results indicated that while HA-coated titanium grade 1 showed the best performance as a potential implant, HA-coated stainless steel 316 with the finest mesh size constitutes an adequate, lower cost alternative.

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Stable sol-gel hydroxyapatite coating on zirconia dental implant for improved osseointegration.

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