Dataset Information

Acute toxicity and antimalarial studies of extract of Allophylus spicatus in animals.

ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants produce a variety of chemical substances with varied physiological effects. They are a huge reservoir of various chemical substances with potential therapeutic properties. Allophylus spicatus is a shrub that belong to the Sapindaceae family. In this study, male albino wistar rats (18) were used for acute toxicity test. Animals were divided into six groups of three rats each. Group A served as the control group while the other groups were dosed orally with 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight of extract and were observed for 14 days. Swiss albino mice (42) were used for the antimalarial study; five groups of six infected mice per group (Groups C-G) were respectively dosed orally with 25 mg chloroquine/kg bw, 200 mg of extract/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw of extract, 25 mg chl./kg bw + 200 mg/kg bw of extract and 25 mg chl./kg bw + 400 mg/kg bw extract with three groups serving as the control (Groups A-C) for three days. Acute toxicity test and histology analysis on the liver tissue confirmed the safety of the extract at concentrations less than 1000 mg/kg b/w. Antimalarial studies showed the highest activity in the group administered with 400 mg/kg + 25 mg chl./kg b/w. In conclusion, A. spicatus was non-toxic at doses less than 1000 mg/kg and significantly reduced parasitemia count in P. berghei infected mice, thus validating its folkloric usage.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-020-00070-1.

SUBMITTER: Adebayo AH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8249555 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Hydroethanolic preparations of the botanical species Acmella oleracea L. are used in the north of Brazil for the treatment of various diseases. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the toxicity of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of A. oleracea L. (EHFAo) flowers in zebrafish by immersion and oral administration. The extract was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). EHFAo was administered orally (44.457, 88.915, 199.94, 281.83, and 448.81 mg/kg) and by immersion (250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 µg/L). Behavioral and histopathological analysis of gills, liver, intestine, and kidney were performed. The presence of (2E,6Z,8E)-N-isobutyl-2,6,8-decatrienamide (spilanthol) in EHFAo was identified by ultra-high-re.solution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS). Treatment with EHFAo caused significant behavioral changes and death. The calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 148.42 mg/kg, and the calculated median lethal concentration (LC50) was 320 ?g/L. In the histopathological study, it was observed that upon oral treatment, the tissue alterations that compromised the normal functioning of the organism occurred with EHFAo doses of 88.915, 199.53, and 281.83 mg/kg, the intestine being the most affected. When the treatment was performed by immersion, the most toxic EHFAo concentrations according to the histopathological evaluation were 300, 350, and 400 ?g/L, with the most affected organ being the gills. Finally, EHFAo in this study was shown to be more toxic to the liver, intestine, and kidneys when administered orally and to gills, liver, and kidneys when administered by immersion in water. Therefore, considering the results obtained and the chemical characteristics of the main phytochemical marker of EHFAo, spilanthol, it can be suggested that, depending on the dose, this compound can lead to histopathological damages in the organs highlighted in this study.

Project description:Background:Medicinal plants are used by a large proportion of the global population as complementary and alternative medicines. However, little is known about their toxicity. G. africana has been used to treat wounds, coughs and skin diseases and is used in cosmetic formulations such as lotions and shampoos. Methods:The acute oral and dermal toxicity potential of G. africana was analyzed after a single administration of 300 and 2000?mg/kgbw for acute oral toxicity and 2000?mg/kgbw for acute dermal toxicity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the acute oral toxicity study whereas both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the acute dermal toxicity study. In the Episkin skin irritation test, the irritation potential of G. africana (concentrate) and G. africana (in-use dilution) extracts were assessed using the Episkin reconstituted human epidermis. In the dermal sensitization study, female CBA/Ca mice were treated with G. africana concentrations of 50, 100 and 200?mg/ml respectively. The vehicle of choice was dimethylformamide which acted as a control. Results:The results of the acute oral and dermal toxicity studies revealed that the median lethal dosage (LD50) for G. africana extract in Sprague-Dawley rats was considered to exceed 2000?mg/kgbw. In the irritation test, the G. africana (concentrate) and G. africana (in-use dilution) extracts were non-irritant on the Episkin reconstituted human epidermis. In the dermal sensitization study, the stimulation index (SI) values for the mice treated with the G. africana extract at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200?mg/ml/kgbw, when compared to the control group, were 1.3, 0.9 and 1.3 respectively. The open application of the extract at the various concentrations did not result in a SI of ? 3 in any group. Hence, it did not elicit a hypersensitivity response. Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that the acute toxicity profile for G. africana is acceptable and can subsequently be used for single use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Dataset Information

Acute toxicity and antimalarial studies of extract of Allophylus spicatus in animals.

Supplementary information

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets