Rhinosporidiosis in the Americas: A Systematic Review of Native Cases.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Penagos S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8274778 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative saprophytic bacillus. Cases occur sporadically in the Americas with an increasing number of cases observed among people with no travel history to endemic countries. To better understand the incidence of the disease in the Americas, we reviewed the literature, including unpublished cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of 120 identified human cases, occurring between 1947 and June 2015, 95 cases (79%) were likely acquired in the Americas; the mortality rate was 39%. Burkholderia pseudomallei appears to be widespread in South, Central, and North America.
| S-EPMC4674224 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Non-lactational infectious mastitis (NLIM) is an inflammatory breast disease with broad clinical presentation. Inadequate treatment can lead to chronic infections that cause breast deformities. NLIM information is limited, especially in the Americas. A systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted here. Methods: Literature search was conducted in three databases (Lilacs, PubMed, and Scielo) on NLIM cases in the Americas. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were extracted. The main characteristics and results were also compared according to the country's gross national income. Results: A total of 47 articles were included, resulting in 93 cases. The etiological agent was described in 86 (92.5%) patients. Bacteria were the most prevalent etiology (73; 84.8%). Amongst bacterial diagnoses, more frequent cases were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (28; 38.4%); Corynebacterium spp. (15; 20.5%); non-tuberculous mycobacteria (13; 17.8%). The cases were reported in eight different countries, with the USA being the country with the highest number of cases (35; 37.6%). Patients from high-income countries group presented a shorter diagnostic time when compared to low, low-middle, and upper-middle-income countries. A greater number of radiographic studies with pathological findings were described in high-income countries. Conclusion: Non-lactational infectious mastitis is a complex public health problem with diagnostic and treatment challenges. Hence, multi-professional approach-based additional studies are recommended on its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control.
| S-EPMC8378399 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by the Cryptosporidium spp parasite. As some species of Cryptosporidium have a wide host spectrum, the characterization of the pathogen at the species or genotype level is of great importance to define the sources of infection for humans and the potential for public health. This study investigated the diversity of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. in humans from all over the American continent and observed whether the method used to search for the parasite influenced the prevalence found in the Americas. This systematic review was carried out using the Pubmed, Science direct, Lilacs, Scielo, and Scopus databases with publications from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. For data synthesis, the PRISMA flowchart was used and for the meta-analysis we used the MetaXL program. Of the selected publications, 57, 9 and 16 belonged to the region of South, Central and North America, respectively. The prevalence found for South, Central, and North America was 7%, 7%, and 8%, respectively, when analyzing publications that used only the microscopy method. When we analyzed the publications that used immunological and molecular methods, we found prevalences of 10%, 9%, and 21% for South, Central, and North America, respectively. The C. hominis subtype IbA10G2 was the most reported in the American continent, followed by subtype IeA11G3T3 and, for C. parvum, subtype IIaA15G2RI was the most reported. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium spp. is present throughout the American continent and its prevalence is higher when immunological and/or molecular methods are used, in addition to direct microscopic examination.
| S-EPMC9673120 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe study of parasites provides insight into intricate ecological relationships in ecosystem dynamics, food web structures, and evolution on multiple scales. Hepatozoon Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) is a genus of protozoan hemoparasites with heteroxenous life cycles that switch infections between vertebrates and blood-feeding invertebrates. The most comprehensive review of the genus was published 26 years ago, and currently there are no harmonized data on the epizootiology, diagnostics, genotyping methods, evolutionary relationships, and genetic diversity of Hepatozoon in the Americas.MethodsHere, we provide a comprehensive review based on the PRISMA method regarding Hepatozoon in wild mammals within the American continent, in order to generate a framework for future research.Results11 out of the 35 countries of the Americas (31.4%) had data on Hepatozoon, with Carnivora and Rodentia orders having the most characterizations. Bats, ungulates, and shrews were the least affected groups. While Hepatozoon americanum, H. americanum-like, H. canis, H. didelphydis, H. felis, H. milleri, H. griseisciuri, and H. procyonis correspond to the identified species, a plethora of genospecies is pending for a formal description combining morphology and genetics. Most of the vectors of Hepatozoon in the Americas are unknown, but some flea, mite, and tick species have been confirmed. The detection of Hepatozoon has relied mostly on conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the implementation of specific real time PCR for the genus needs to be employed to improve its diagnosis in wild animals in the future. From a genetic perspective, the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene has been widely sequenced for the identification of Hepatozoon in wild animals. However, mitochondrial and apicoplast markers should also be targeted to truly determine different species in the genus. A phylogenetic analysis of herein retrieved 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences showed two main clades of Hepatozoon: Clade I associated with small mammals, birds, and herpetozoa, and Clade II associated with Carnivora. The topology of the tree is also reflected in the haplotype network.ConclusionsFinally, our review emphasizes Hepatozoon as a potential disease agent in threatened wild mammals and the role of wild canids as spreaders of Hepatozoon infections in the Americas.
| S-EPMC10916324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundStill today, more than 30 years after the beginning of the process of visceral leishmaniasis' urbanization, there is little knowledge about the risk factors for its occurrence, despite their relevance to the control and understanding of disease dynamics. The present study is the first systematic review with meta-analysis about factors associated with Leishmania infantum infection in humans in the Americas.Methods and findingsAfter searching different databases, consultations to the reference lists of articles and to experts in the field, 51 studies were reviewed. Theoretical discussions or meta-analysis of p-values or of effect sizes were used to pool information about each variable. The Q test and the I(2) statistic were used to assess heterogeneities among the studies. Male sex was associated with visceral leishmaniasis in studies which used the leishmanin skin test for diagnosis and in those where the outcome was the clinical disease; the opposite occurred when serological diagnosis was applied. Younger individuals were less frequently infected than adults, but were more prone to illness. Although with different levels of evidence and of heterogeneity, the presence of dogs at home, higher dog seropositivity in nearby areas, lower socioeconomic status and highly vegetated areas were associated with L. infantum infection. This was not noticed for the presence of chickens in the house and with nutritional status. Susceptibilities to bias and limitations in the analysis and in the description of results were often identified in the studies analyzed.ConclusionsResults showed the existence of consistent patterns for some of the factors analyzed and should be taken into account in developing more effective and well-targeted control measures. Studies must be conducted in new areas of the continent, with improved methodological quality and prioritizing the investigation of the patterns identified and their causes, as well as variables for which knowledge is poor.
| S-EPMC3636096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere is a growing base of literature describing BK nephropathy (BKVN) in patients outside of the setting of kidney transplant. Previous systematic reviews of the literature have been limited by methodology or by the scope of patients included.Study design and methodsSystematic Review (Prospero # CRD42018088524).Setting & populationPatients without kidney transplant who had biopsy-proven BKVN.Selection criteria for studiesFull-text articles that describe native BKVN patient cases.Analytical approachDescriptive synthesis.ResultsThe search identified 630 unique articles of which 51 were included in the final review. Sixty-five cases (including two new cases presented in this review) were identified, all but one occurred in the setting of known immunosuppression.LimitationsThe primary limitation was the exclusion of studies that did not fulfill the stringent review criteria. We excluded reports with only a clinical diagnosis of BKVN, such as those with viruria and/or viremia without biopsy.ConclusionsAs of May 2018, there are 65 reported cases of BKVN in native kidneys. This represents the most comprehensive description of biopsy-proven BKVN in native kidneys to date. Evaluation for BK nephropathy should be considered in immunocompromised patients who exhibit unexplained renal failure.
| S-EPMC7197190 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: Brodie's abscess is a form of osteomyelitis. Since its first appearance in the medical literature in 1832, numerous cases have been described. The aim of this article is to provide the first comprehensive overview of published cases of Brodie's abscess, and to describe diagnostic methods, therapeutic consequences and outcomes. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines a systematic review of the literature was performed. All published data in English or Dutch were considered for inclusion with no limitations on publication date. Data was extracted on demography, duration of symptoms, signs of inflammation, diagnostic imaging, causative agent, treatment and follow-up. Results: A total of 70 articles were included, reporting on a total of 407 patients, mostly young (median age 17) males (male:female ratio 2.1:1). The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 12 weeks (SD 26). Mostly consisting of pain (98%) and/or swelling (53%). 84% of all patients were afebrile, and less than 50% had elevated serum inflammation markers. Diagnosis was made with a combination of imaging modalities: plain X-ray in 96%, MRI (16%) and CT-scan (8%). Treatment consisted of surgery in 94% of the cases, in conjunction with long term antibiotics in 77%. Staphylococcus aureus was the pathogen most often found in the culture (67,3%). Outcome was generally reported as favorable. Recurrence was reported in 15,6% of the cases requiring further intervention. Two cases developed permanent disability. Conclusion: Brodie's abscess has an insidious onset as systemic inflammatory signs and symptoms were often not found. Treatment consisted mostly of surgery followed by antibiotics (77%) or only surgery (17%) and outcomes were generally reported as favourable.
| S-EPMC6367194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fungal osteomyelitis is considered a rare disease, and the published literature mainly comprises case reports, case series and narrative reviews. A systematic review was undertaken to provide a practice-based global perspective on this disease, focusing on epidemiology and treatment strategies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library between the 3rd and 8th of March 2023 using a predefined search string. We included studies with at least one patient with a diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis published before the 1st of January 2023. We included all study designs except for reviews, and we excluded non-English languages and grey literature. After exclusion, 678 studies, mostly case reports, were included. Descriptive analysis was performed on 1072 patients. The most common aetiological agent was Aspergillus (26.5%), followed by Candida (20.7%) and Mucor (16.8%), and the bones most frequently involved were the vertebrae. We described the characteristics of patients divided by site of infection, and we found that diabetes mellitus, disseminated fungal infection, surgery and local lesion were major risk factors. We also successfully associated duration of treatment with outcome. We provided a general overview of this rare disease, and we highlighted the need for high-quality investigations on the subject.
| S-EPMC10383745 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe distribution of Taenia saginata in the Americas is unclear. Establishing the distribution, economic burden, and potentials for control of bovine cysticercosis is increasingly important due to the growing demand for beef. This paper aims to take the first step and reviews the recent distribution of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis on a national level within the Americas.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of published and grey literature for information on the occurrence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of bovine cysticercosis and human taeniosis in the 54 countries and territories of the Americas between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2017. Data on bovine cysticercosis from OIE reports from 1994 to 2005 were also included.ResultsWe identified 66 papers from the Americas with data on the occurrence of taeniosis or bovine cysticercosis and an additional 19 OIE country reports on bovine cysticercosis. Taeniosis was reported from 13 countries, with nine of these countries reporting specifically T. saginata taeniosis, and four countries reporting non-species specific taeniosis. The reported prevalence of taeniosis ranged between 0.04-8.8%. Bovine cysticercosis was reported from 19 countries, nine identified through the literature search, and an additional 10 identified through the OIE country reports for notifiable diseases. The reported prevalence of bovine cysticercosis ranged between 0.1-19%. Disease occurrence was restricted to 21 countries within the Americas, the majority from the mainland, with the only island nations reporting either bovine cysticercosis or taeniosis being Cuba, Haiti, and the US Virgin Islands.ConclusionsTaenia saginata is widely distributed across 21 of the 54 countries in the Americas, but insufficient epidemiological data are available to estimate the subnational spatial distribution, prevalence, incidence and intensity of infections. This needs to be addressed through active surveillance and disease detection programmes. Such programmes would improve the data quantity and quality, and may enable estimation of the economic burden due to bovine cysticercosis in the region in turn determining the requirement for and cost-effectiveness of control measures.
| S-EPMC6149206 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is a program that aims to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2030. The GPELF strategy is based on interrupting transmission using mass drug administration (MDA) and, in parallel, managing morbidity cases. However, it has been seen that there is a shortage of research in the literature and public policies regarding this last pillar. In this study, we reviewed the literature and available information regarding the burden of filarial morbidity. In addition, we identified that in the Americas, the implementation of structured services with regard to morbidity assistance in the Americas was scarce. We formed a review that aimed to assess the pathogenesis, epidemiology, repercussions, and treatment of filarial morbidity in countries in the Americas where lymphatic filariasis is endemic. Structured searches were carried out on PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without time and language restrictions. Three reviewers evaluated the 2150 studies and performed data extraction, and quality assessment by assigning scores to the studies found. The current literature and available information on the burden of filarial morbidity, as well as the implementation of structured services with regard to morbidity assistance in the Americas, were all found to be scarce. Now that this knowledge gap has been identified, both health services and researchers need to seek the implementation and enhancement of the maintenance of GPELF strategies that relate to the morbidity pillar.
| S-EPMC8751179 | biostudies-literature