Antibody response after second BNT162b2 dose in allogeneic HSCT recipients.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Redjoul R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8277189 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8415894 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFactors affecting response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients remain to be elucidated.MethodsForty allo-HCT recipients were included in a study of immunization with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine at days 0 and 21. Binding antibodies (Ab) to SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) were assessed at days 0, 21, 28, and 49 while neutralizing Ab against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (NT50) were assessed at days 0 and 49. Results observed in allo-HCT patients were compared to those obtained in 40 healthy adults naive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood cells was performed before vaccination to identify potential predictors of Ab responses.ResultsThree patients had detectable anti-RBD Ab before vaccination. Among the 37 SARS-CoV-2 naive patients, 20 (54%) and 32 (86%) patients had detectable anti-RBD Ab 21 days and 49 days postvaccination. Comparing anti-RBD Ab levels in allo-HCT recipients and healthy adults, we observed significantly lower anti-RBD Ab levels in allo-HCT recipients at days 21, 28 and 49. Further, 49% of allo-HCT patients versus 88% of healthy adults had detectable NT50 Ab at day 49 while allo-HCT recipients had significantly lower NT50 Ab titers than healthy adults (P = 0.0004). Ongoing moderate/severe chronic GVHD (P < 0.01) as well as rituximab administration in the year prior to vaccination (P < 0.05) correlated with low anti-RBD and NT50 Ab titers at 49 days after the first vaccination in multivariate analyses. Compared to healthy adults, allo-HCT patients without chronic GVHD or rituximab therapy had comparable anti-RBD Ab levels and NT50 Ab titers at day 49. Flow cytometry analyses before vaccination indicated that Ab responses in allo-HCT patients were strongly correlated with the number of memory B cells and of naive CD4+ T cells (r > 0.5, P < 0.01) and more weakly with the number of follicular helper T cells (r = 0.4, P = 0.01).ConclusionsChronic GVHD and rituximab administration in allo-HCT recipients are associated with reduced Ab responses to BNT162b2 vaccination. Immunological markers could help identify allo-HCT patients at risk of poor Ab response to mRNA vaccination.Trial registrationThe study was registered at clinicaltrialsregister.eu on 11 March 2021 (EudractCT # 2021-000673-83).
| S-EPMC8542409 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8285117 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundData on the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in immunocompromised populations are sparse.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 77 heart transplant (HT) recipients vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine and monitored for adverse events following both doses, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG response, and neutralizing antibodies.ResultsBNT162b2 vaccination was associated with a low rate of adverse events, characterized mostly by pain at the injection site. By a mean 41 days post second dose there were no clinical episodes of rejection, as suggested by a troponin leak or allograft dysfunction. At a mean 21 days following the second dose, IgG anti-RBD antibodies were detectable in 14 (18%) HT recipients. Immune sera neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus in 8 (57%) of those with IgG anti-RBD antibodies. Immunosuppressive regimen containing mycophenolic acid was associated with lower odds of an antibody response (OR = 0.12, p = 0.042).ConclusionsWhether a longer time-frame for observation of an antibody response is required after vaccination in immunosuppressed individuals remains unknown.
| S-EPMC8058049 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Data on the effect of ruxolitinib on antibody response to severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) is lacking. We prospectively evaluated anti-spike-receptor binding domain antibody (anti-S Ab) levels after the second dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in MPN patients. A total of 74 patients with MPN and 81 healthy controls who were vaccinated were enrolled in the study. Of the MPN patients, 27% received ruxolitinib at the time of vaccination. Notably, MPN patients receiving ruxolitinib had a 30-fold lower median anti-S Ab level than those not receiving ruxolitinib (p < 0.001). Further, the anti-S Ab levels in MPN patients not receiving ruxolitinib were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Regarding a clinical protective titre that has been shown to correlate with preventing symptomatic infection, only 10% of the MPN patients receiving ruxolitinib had the protective value. Univariate analysis revealed that ruxolitinib, myelofibrosis, and longer time from diagnosis to vaccination had a significantly negative impact on achieving the protective value (p = 0.001, 0.021, and 0.019, respectively). In subgroup analysis, lower numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes were significantly correlated with a lower probability of obtaining the protective value (p = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, our results highlight ruxolitinib-induced impaired vaccine response and the necessity of booster immunisation in MPN patients. Moreover, T-cell mediated immunity may have an important role in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in patients with MPN, though further studies are warranted.
| S-EPMC8990027 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8847067 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immunocompromised individuals generally fail to mount efficacious immune humoral responses following vaccination. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has raised the question as to whether levels of anti-spike protein antibodies achieved after two or three doses of the vaccine efficiently protect against breakthrough infection in the context of immune suppression. We used a fluorescence-based neutralization assay to test the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants (ancestral variant, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1) to the neutralizing response induced by vaccination in highly immunosuppressed allogeneic HSCT recipients, tested after two and three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We show that neutralizing antibody responses to the Beta and Delta variants in most immunocompromised HSCT recipients increased after three vaccine doses up to values similar to those observed in twice-vaccinated healthy adults and were significantly lower against Omicron BA.1. Overall, neutralization titers correlated with the amount of anti-S-RBD antibodies measured by means of enzyme immunoassay, indicating that commercially available assays can be used to quantify the anti-S-RBD antibody response as a reliable surrogate marker of humoral immune protection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Our findings support the recommendation of additional early vaccine doses as a booster of humoral neutralizing activity against emerging variants, in HSCT immunocompromised patients. In the context of Omicron circulation, it further emphasizes the need for reinforcement of preventive measures including the administration of monoclonal antibodies in this high-risk population.
| S-EPMC9506309 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8489274 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10149233 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19-related mortality among hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients in the pre-vaccine era ranged between 22 and 33%. The Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine demonstrated significant immunogenicity and efficacy in the healthy population; however, its long-term effects on allogeneic HSCT recipients remained unclear. Our study longitudinally evaluated humoral and cellular responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine in adult allogeneic HSCT patients. A positive response was defined as antibody titers ≥ 150 AU/mL post-second vaccination. Among 77 included patients, 51 (66.2%) responded to vaccination. Response-associated factors were female gender, recent anti-CD20 therapy, and a longer interval between transplant and vaccination. Response rates reached 83.7% in patients vaccinated >12 months post-transplant. At 6 months post-second vaccination, antibody titers dropped, but were significantly increased with the booster dose. Moreover, 43% (6/14) of non-responders to the second vaccination acquired sufficient antibody titers after booster administration, resulting in an overall response rate of 79.5% for the entire cohort. The BNT162b2 vaccine was effective in allogeneic transplant recipients. Although antibody titers decreased with time, the third vaccination led to their significant elevation, with 93% of third-dose responders maintaining titers above 150 AU/mL at 3 months post-administration.
| S-EPMC10145595 | biostudies-literature