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Novel FOXM1 inhibitor identified via gene network analysis induces autophagic FOXM1 degradation to overcome chemoresistance of human cancer cells.

ABSTRACT: FOXM1 transcription factor is an oncogene and a master regulator of chemoresistance in multiple cancers. Pharmacological inhibition of FOXM1 is a promising approach but has proven to be challenging. We performed a network-centric transcriptomic analysis to identify a novel compound STL427944 that selectively suppresses FOXM1 by inducing the relocalization of nuclear FOXM1 protein to the cytoplasm and promoting its subsequent degradation by autophagosomes. Human cancer cells treated with STL427944 exhibit increased sensitivity to cytotoxic effects of conventional chemotherapeutic treatments (platinum-based agents, 5-fluorouracil, and taxanes). RNA-seq analysis of STL427944-induced gene expression changes revealed prominent suppression of gene signatures characteristic for FOXM1 and its downstream targets but no significant changes in other important regulatory pathways, thereby suggesting high selectivity of STL427944 toward the FOXM1 pathway. Collectively, the novel autophagy-dependent mode of FOXM1 suppression by STL427944 validates a unique pathway to overcome tumor chemoresistance and improve the efficacy of treatment with conventional cancer drugs.

SUBMITTER: Chesnokov MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8280155 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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STL427944 suppresses FOXM1 via nuclear export and subsequent autophagic degradation

Project description:FOXM1 transcription factor is an oncogene and a crucial regulator of cancer chemoresistance. Existing pharmacological FOXM1 inhibitors attenuate resistance of cancer cells to treatment but exhibit insufficient specificity. We performed in silico screening of small molecules from NIH LINCS database to identify STL427944 compound that suppresses FOXM1 through a novel two-step mechanism. STL427944 treatment induces relocalization of nuclear FOXM1 protein to cytoplasm, where it is subsequently degraded in an autophagosome-dependent manner. Human cancer cells treated with STL427944 exhibit increased sensitivity to cytotoxic effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Transcriptome-based analysis of STL427944-induced gene expression changes revealed prominent suppression of gene signatures characteristic for FOXM1 and its downstream targets but no significant changes in other important regulatory pathways, thereby suggesting high selectivity of STL427944 towards FOXM1. We expect that STL427944 or its derivatives may be used in combination with different chemotherapeutical drugs to overcome tumor chemoresistance and improve anti-cancer treatment efficacy.

2021-07-21 | GSE162826 | GEO

STL427944 suppresses FOXM1 via nuclear export and subsequent autophagic degradation

Project description:STL427944 suppresses FOXM1 via nuclear export and subsequent autophagic degradation

| PRJNA683088 | ENA

Impaired autophagic degradation of lncRNA ARHGAP5-AS1 promotes chemoresistance in gastric cancer.

Project description:Chemoresistance remains the uppermost disincentive for cancer treatment on account of many genetic and epigenetic alterations. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging players in promoting cancer initiation and progression. However, the regulation and function in chemoresistance are largely unknown. Herein, we identified ARHGAP5-AS1 as a lncRNA upregulated in chemoresistant gastric cancer cells and its knockdown reversed chemoresistance. Meanwhile, high ARHGAP5-AS1 expression was associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Intriguingly, its abundance is affected by autophagy and SQSTM1 is responsible for transporting ARHGAP5-AS1 to autophagosomes. Inhibition of autophagy in chemoresistant cells, thus, resulted in the upregulation of ARHGAP5-AS1. In turn, it activated the transcription of ARHGAP5 in the nucleus by directly interacting with ARHGAP5 promoter. Interestingly, ARHGAP5-AS1 also stabilized ARHGAP5 mRNA in the cytoplasm by recruiting METTL3 to stimulate m6A modification of ARHGAP5 mRNA. As a result, ARHGAP5 was upregulated to promote chemoresistance and its upregulation was also associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. In summary, impaired autophagic degradation of lncRNA ARHGAP5-AS1 in chemoresistant cancer cells promoted chemoresistance. It can activate the transcription of ARHGAP5 in the nucleus and stimulate m6A modification of ARHGAP5 mRNA to stabilize ARHGAP5 mRNA in the cytoplasm by recruiting METTL3. Therefore, targeting ARHGAP5-AS1/ARHGAP5 axis might be a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance in gastric cancer.

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Knockdown of PEX16 Induces Autophagic Degradation of Peroxisomes.

Project description:Peroxisome abundance is regulated by homeostasis between the peroxisomal biogenesis and degradation processes. Peroxin 16 (PEX16) is a peroxisomal protein involved in trafficking membrane proteins for de novo peroxisome biogenesis. The present study demonstrates that PEX16 also modulates peroxisome abundance through pexophagic degradation. PEX16 knockdown in human retinal pigment epithelial-1 cells decreased peroxisome abundance and function, represented by reductions in the expression of peroxisome membrane protein ABCD3 and the levels of cholesterol and plasmalogens, respectively. The activation of pexophagy under PEX16 knockdown was shown by (i) abrogated peroxisome loss under PEX16 knockdown in autophagy-deficient ATG5 knockout cell lines, and (ii) increased autophagy flux and co-localization of p62-an autophagy adaptor protein-with ABCD3 in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. However, the levels of cholesterol and plasmalogens did not recover despite the restoration of peroxisome abundance following chloroquine treatment. Thus, PEX16 is indispensable for maintaining peroxisome homeostasis by regulating not only the commonly known biogenesis pathway but also the autophagic degradation of peroxisomes.

| S-EPMC8348608 | biostudies-literature

TRIM11 facilitates chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the β-catenin/ABCC9 axis via p62-selective autophagic degradation of Daple.

Project description:Chemotherapy resistance is the major cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment failure. Tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM) family members play important roles in tumor development and chemotherapy failure. Here, based on a screening analysis of 71 TRIM family members by qRT-PCR, we first confirmed that the TRIM11 levels were significantly higher in drug-resistant NPC cells than in non-drug-resistant NPC cells, and high TRIM11 expression predicted poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). N(6)-Methyladenosine (m6A) was highly enriched in TRIM11 in NPC drug-resistant cells and enhanced its RNA stability. TRIM11 enhanced the multidrug resistance in NPC by inhibiting apoptosis in vitro and promoting cisplatin (DDP) resistance in vivo. TRIM11 associated with Daple and promoted Daple ubiquitin-mediated degradation in a p62-selective autophagic manner, further upregulating β-catenin expression to induce ABCC9 expression by directly binding to the ABCC9 promoter. TRIM11 may regulate NPC drug resistance by positively modulating the Daple/β-catenin/ABCC9 signaling pathway. Thus, TRIM11 may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for chemoresistant NPC.

| S-EPMC7206012 | biostudies-literature

4-Hydroxytamoxifen induces autophagic death through K-Ras degradation.

Project description:Tamoxifen is widely used to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Recent findings that tamoxifen and its derivative 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) can exert estrogen receptor-independent cytotoxic effects have prompted the initiation of clinical trials to evaluate its use in estrogen receptor-negative malignancies. For example, tamoxifen and OHT exert cytotoxic effects in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) where estrogen is not involved. In this study, we gained insights into the estrogen receptor-independent cytotoxic effects of OHT by studying how it kills MPNST cells. Although caspases were activated following OHT treatment, caspase inhibition provided no protection from OHT-induced death. Rather, OHT-induced death in MPNST cells was associated with autophagic induction and attenuated by genetic inhibition of autophagic vacuole formation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that OHT stimulated autophagic degradation of K-Ras, which is critical for survival of MPNST cells. Similarly, we found that OHT induced K-Ras degradation in breast, colon, glioma, and pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings describe a novel mechanism of autophagic death triggered by OHT in tumor cells that may be more broadly useful clinically in cancer treatment.

| S-EPMC3715566 | biostudies-literature

Targeting the CtBP1-FOXM1 transcriptional complex with small molecules to overcome MDR1-mediated chemoresistance in osteosarcoma cancer stem cells.

Project description:Chemoresistance is a major barrier for the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma. The induction of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), an ATP-dependent transporter, can efflux anti-cancer drugs, thereby decreasing chemosensitivity. However, an actual involvement of MDR1 in the chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells has not been established. We obtained two cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant osteosarcoma cancer stem cell (CSC) lines using sphere formation medium supplemented with CDDP. These two CDDP-resistant CSC cell lines showed substantial cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion, and in vivo tumor growth in the presence of CDDP. Microarray analysis revealed that three genes, MDR1, FOXM1 (forkhead box M1), and CtBP1 (C-Terminal binding protein 1), showed significant overexpression in both cell lines. Mechanistically, CtBP1 assembled with FOXM1 to form a transcriptional complex, which docked onto the MDR1 promoter to activate MDR1 expression. Knockdown or inhibition of the CtBP1-FOXM1 components with specific small molecules, including NSM00158 and NSC95397 for CtBP1 and RCM1 for FOXM1, significantly repressed MDR1 expression. Administration of these three small molecules also significantly inhibited tumor growth in mouse tumor xenograft model. The MDR1-mediated chemoresistance could be reversed by NSM00158 and RCM1. Collectively, our data revealed that the CtBP1-FOXM1 complex activated MDR1 expression and that targeting this complex with their specific inhibitors could reverse MDR1-mediated chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemoresistance during osteosarcoma treatment.

| S-EPMC7739006 | biostudies-literature

Triamterene induces autophagic degradation of lysosome by exacerbating lysosomal integrity.

Project description:The maintenance of lysosomal integrity is essential for lysosome function and cell fate. Damaged lysosomes are degraded by lysosomal autophagy, lysophagy. The mechanism underlying lysophagy remains largely unknown; this study aimed to contribute to the understanding of this topic. A cell-based screening system was used to identify novel lysophagy modulators. Triamterene (6-phenylpteridine-2,4,7-triamine) was identified as one of the most potent lysophagy inducers from the screening process. We found that triamterene causes lysosomal rupture without affecting other cellular organelles and increases autophagy flux in HepG2 cells. Damaged lysosomes in triamterene-treated cells were removed by autophagy-mediated pathway, which was inhibited by depletion of the autophagy regulator, ATG5 or SQSTM1. In addition, treatment of triamterene decreased the integrity of lysosome and cell viability, which were rescued by removing the triamterene treatment in HepG2 cells. Hence, our data suggest that triamterene is a novel lysophagy inducer through the disruption of lysosomal integrity.

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Aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses limit autophagic degradation.

Project description:An unbalanced karyotype, a condition known as aneuploidy, has a profound impact on cellular physiology and is a hallmark of cancer. Determining how aneuploidy affects cells is thus critical to understanding tumorigenesis. Here we show that aneuploidy interferes with the degradation of autophagosomes within lysosomes. Mis-folded proteins that accumulate in aneuploid cells due to aneuploidy-induced proteomic changes overwhelm the lysosome with cargo, leading to the observed lysosomal degradation defects. Importantly, aneuploid cells respond to lysosomal saturation. They activate a lysosomal stress pathway that specifically increases the expression of genes needed for autophagy-mediated protein degradation. Our results reveal lysosomal saturation as a universal feature of the aneuploid state that must be overcome during tumorigenesis. RPE-1 cells either untreated or treated with one of Reversine, Bafilomycin A1 or MG132, each condition was done in triplicate. D14-*_Control: untreated control D14-*_Rev: cells treated with 0.5uM Reversine for 24hrs and harvested 48hrs later D14-*_Baf: cells treated with 0.1uM BafA1 for 6hrs D14-*_Mg: cells treated with 1uM MG132 for 24 hrs

2015-10-26 | E-GEOD-60570 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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