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Pre-vaccination and early B cell signatures predict antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.

ABSTRACT: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are highly effective, although weak antibody responses are seen in some individuals with correlates of immunity that remain poorly understood. Here we longitudinally dissected antibody, plasmablast, and memory B cell (MBC) responses to the two-dose Moderna mRNA vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected adults. Robust, coordinated IgA and IgG antibody responses were preceded by bursts of spike-specific plasmablasts after both doses, but earlier and more intensely after dose two. Distinct antigen-specific MBC populations also emerged post-vaccination with varying kinetics. We identified antigen non-specific pre-vaccination MBC and post-vaccination plasmablasts after dose one and their spike-specific counterparts early after dose two that correlated with subsequent antibody levels. These baseline and response signatures can thus provide early indicators of serological efficacy and explain response variability in the population.

SUBMITTER: Kardava L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8282109 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Early human B cell signatures of the primary antibody response to mRNA vaccination.

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| S-EPMC9282446 | biostudies-literature

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination.

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Early antibody response in health-care professionals after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2).

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Antibody Responses after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine.

Project description: Not available

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Antibody kinetics in patients with rheumatic diseases after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

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Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants-Of-Concern Six Months after the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.

Project description:The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has raised concern about increased transmissibility, infectivity, and immune evasion from a vaccine and infection-induced immune responses. Although COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have proven to be highly effective against severe COVID-19 disease, the decrease in vaccine efficacy against emerged Beta and Delta variants emphasizes the need for constant monitoring of new virus lineages and studies on the persistence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. To analyze the dynamics of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses, we followed 52 health care workers in Finland for 6 months after receiving two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine with a 3-week interval. We demonstrate that, although anti-S1 antibody levels decrease 2.3-fold compared to peak antibody levels, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist for months after BNT162b2 vaccination. Variants D614G, Alpha, and Eta are neutralized by sera of 100% of vaccinees, whereas neutralization of Delta is 3.8-fold reduced and neutralization of Beta is 5.8-fold reduced compared to D614G. Despite this reduction, 85% of sera collected 6 months postvaccination neutralizes Delta variant. IMPORTANCE A decrease in vaccine efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants has increased the importance of assessing the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. Our data show that after 6 months post two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, antibody levels decrease yet remain detectable and capable of neutralizing emerging variants. By monitoring the vaccine-induced antibody responses, vaccination strategies and administration of booster doses can be optimized.

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Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8730807 | biostudies-literature

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